Ïîèñê ïî áàçå äîêóìåíòîâ:

 

Óòâåðæäåí

Ìèíèñòåðñòâîì ïóòåé ñîîáùåíèÿ

Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè

22 ìàðòà 1993 ãîäà

 

ÊÀÒÀËÎÃ ÄÅÔÅÊÒÎÂ ÐÅËÜÑÎÂ

 

ÍÒÄ/ÖÏ-2-93

 

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   10.1-2          Îòñëîåíèå è âûêðàøèâàíèå ìåòàëëà      │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê          íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàíèÿ ãîëîâêè       │ â ñòûêå 10.1;│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ èç-çà íåäîñòàòêîâ òåõíîëîãèè èçãîòîâëåíèÿ  │âíå ñòûêà 10.2│

             │ ðåëüñîâ - âîëîñîâèí, çàêàòîâ, ïëåí è ò.ï.               

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Íåäîñòàòêè   òåõíîëîãèè   èçãîòîâëåíèÿ,  èç-çà  ÷åãî íà ðåëüñàõ ìîãóò│

│îáðàçîâàòüñÿ  âîëîñîâèíû,  òðåùèíû, çàêàòû, ïëåíû, êîòîðûå â äàëüíåéøåì â

ïðîöåññå  ýêñïëóàòàöèè  ïðè  âîçäåéñòâèè  ïîäâèæíîãî  ñîñòàâà è íàðàáîòêå│

│òîííàæà  ïðèâîäÿò  ê  îáðàçîâàíèþ  îòñëîåíèé  è âûêðàøèâàíèÿ  ìåòàëëà  íà

│ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàíèÿ ðåëüñà.                                             

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, ïðîâåðêà èçìåðèòåëüíûìè ïðèáîðàìè.                  

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                         

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû,  ëåæàùèå â  ãëàâíûõ   ïóòÿõ   ñ   ãðóçîíàïðÿæåííîñòüþ   áîëåå│

│25  ìëí. ò x êì  áðóòòî/êì  â  ãîä,  èìåþùèå  ãëóáèíó  ïîâðåæäåíèÿ  áîëåå│

│3 ìì ïðè äëèíå áîëåå 25 ìì,  à  òàêæå â  ãëàâíûõ  ïðè  ãðóçîíàïðÿæåííîñòè│

│ìåíåå  25 ìëí. ò x êì áðóòòî/êì  â ãîä è âî âñåõ ïðèåìîîòïðàâî÷íûõ ïóòÿõ,│

│èìåþùèå ïîâðåæäåíèÿ ãëóáèíîé áîëåå 4 ìì ïðè äëèíå áîëåå 35 ìì,  îòíîñÿòñÿ│

│ê äåôåêòíûì è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå.                       

    Íàáëþäåíèå  çà  ðàçâèòèåì  äåôåêòà  âûïîëíÿòü ïðè î÷åðåäíûõ ïðîâåðêàõ│

│ðåëüñîâ.                                                                

    Ïðîèçâåñòè   ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêóþ   øëèôîâêó  ðåëüñîâ  (ïåðèîäè÷íîñòü  ïî│

│óñòàíîâëåííîìó ãðàôèêó).                                                

    Ïðè ãëóáèíå ïîâðåæäåíèÿ áîëåå 8 ìì ðåëüñû çàìåíÿþòñÿ â ïåðâîî÷åðåäíîì│

ïîðÿäêå.                                                                

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü  â  ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ãàðàíòèéíûìè îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ                      

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   11.1-2      Âûêðàøèâàíèå ìåòàëëà íà áîêîâîé ðàáî÷åé   │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê       âûêðóæêå ãîëîâêè èç-çà íåäîñòàòî÷íîé    │ â ñòûêå 11.1;│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│  êîíòàêòíî-óñòàíîâî÷íîé ïðî÷íîñòè ìåòàëëà  │âíå ñòûêà 11.2│

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Íåäîñòàòî÷íîå   ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîå  êà÷åñòâî  ðåëüñîâîé  ñòàëè (ìåñòíûå│

│ñêîïëåíèÿ  íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ   âêëþ÷åíèé   íå   ãàðàíòèðîâàííûõ   ðàçìåðîâ,│

âûòÿíóòûõ   âäîëü   íàïðàâëåíèÿ   ïðîêàòêè),  îïðåäåëÿþùåå  íåäîñòàòî÷íóþ│

│êîíòàêòíî-óñòàëîñòíóþ   ïðî÷íîñòü   ìåòàëëà   (ñì.   ïðè÷èíû  îáðàçîâàíèÿ│

│äåôåêòà 21).  ×àùå  âñåãî  ïîâðåæäàåòñÿ  ðàáî÷àÿ  ãðàíü  íàðóæíûõ íèòåé â

│êðèâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ïóòè (R = 500 ì è áîëåå).                               

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé   îñìîòð,  ïðîâåðêà   èçìåðèòåëüíûìè  ïðèáîðàìè.   íà÷àëüíîé│

│ñòàäèè ðàçâèòèÿ äåôåêòû ìîãóò áûòü âûÿâëåíû óëüòðàçâóêîâûì äåôåêòîñêîïîì.│

│Ïîÿâëåíèþ äåôåêòà ÷àñòî ïðåäøåñòâóþò òåìíûå ïÿòíà âáëèçè ðàáî÷åé âûêðóæêè│

│ãîëîâêè ðåëüñîâ ñ íàïëûâîì ìåòàëëà íà íåå.                              

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                         

    Ðåëüñû,   ëåæàùèå  â  ãëàâíûõ  ïóòÿõ   ñ  ãðóçîíàïðÿæåííîñòüþ   áîëåå│

│25 ìëí. ò x êì áðóòòî/êì â ãîä, èìåþùèå ãëóáèíó  âûêðàøèâàíèÿ  áîëåå 3 ìì│

│ïðè äëèíå áîëåå  25 ìì, à  òàêæå â  ãëàâíûõ ïðè ãðóçîíàïðÿæåííîñòè  ìåíåå│

│25 ìëí. ò x êì áðóòòî/êì â ãîä è âî âñåõ ïðèåìîîòïðàâî÷íûõ ïóòÿõ, èìåþùèå│

│âûêðàøèâàíèå  ãëóáèíîé  áîëåå  4 ìì   ïðè  äëèíå  áîëåå  35 ìì,  ÿâëÿþòñÿ│

äåôåêòíûìè è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå.                         

    Íàáëþäåíèå çà  ðàçâèòèåì  äåôåêòà  âûïîëíÿòü ïðè  î÷åðåäíûõ ïðîâåðêàõ│

│ðåëüñîâ.                                                                

    Äëÿ  ïðåäóïðåæäåíèÿ  ïîÿâëåíèÿ  äåôåêòà  ïðîâîäèòñÿ  ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêàÿ

│øëèôîâêà ðåëüñîâ ðåëüñîøëèôîâàëüíûì ïîåçäîì.                            

    Ðåëüñû ñ ãëóáèíîé âûêðàøèâàíèÿ áîëåå 8 ìì çàìåíÿþòñÿ â ïåðâîî÷åðåäíîì│

ïîðÿäêå.                                                                

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ                      

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     14        Ïðîáîêñîâêà ðåëüñîâ êîëåñàìè ëîêîìîòèâîâ  │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê                                               │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  14     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Âîçäåéñòâèå êîëåñ  ïîäâèæíîãî   ñîñòàâà   ïðè   áîêñîâàíèè   âûçûâàåò│

│îáðàçîâàíèå  íà  îáåèõ  ðåëüñîâûõ  íèòÿõ  âïàäèí  íà ïîâåðõíîñòè ãîëîâêè.│

│Âîçìîæíî îáðàçîâàíèå âûêðàøèâàíèé ëèáî âîçíèêíîâåíèå ïîïåðå÷íîé òðåùèíû. │

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                           

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé      îñìîòð,      ïðîâåðêà      èçìåðèòåëüíûìè     ïðèáîðàìè,│

│äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                                    

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ïðè   ãëóáèíå   ïðîáîêñîâêè   áîëåå 1 ìì  ðåëüñ ñ÷èòàåòñÿ äåôåêòíûì è│

│ïîäëåæèò ãàçîïîðîøêîâîé íàïëàâêå (òåõíîëîãèÿ ÂÍÈÈÆÒà: ÖÏÑâ-03/4-90).    

    Äî  íàïëàâêè èëè ïëàíîâîé çàìåíû ïî ðåëüñàì ñ ãëóáèíîé ïðîáîêñîâêè îò

│1 äî 2 ìì ñêîðîñòü äâèæåíèÿ ïîåçäîâ íå äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü  120 êì/÷, à  ïðè

│ãëóáèíå ïðîáîêñîâêè îò 2 äî 3 ìì - 70 êì/÷.                             

    Ïðè   ïðîáîêñîâêå   ãëóáèíîé   áîëåå   3 ìì   ðåëüñ ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå â

│ïåðâîî÷åðåäíîì ïîðÿäêå.  Äî åãî   çàìåíû   ñêîðîñòü   äâèæåíèÿ  íå äîëæíà│

│ïðåâûøàòü 40 êì/÷.                                                       

    Ðåëüñû   ñ    ïîïåðå÷íûìè    òðåùèíàìè   îò   ïðîáîêñîâîê    ÿâëÿþòñÿ│

│îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è çàìåíÿþòñÿ áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ                            

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   17.1-2          Îòñëîåíèå è âûêðàøèâàíèå ìåòàëëà      │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê     íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàíèÿ â çàêàëåííîì ñëîå  │â ñòûêå 17.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│         (ïðè îòñóòñòâèè íàïëàâêè)          │âíå ñòûêà 17.2│

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                         

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Ïðè íàðóøåíèè òåõíîëîãèè  çàêàëêè ðåëüñîâ  â  çàêàëåííîì  ñëîå  ìîãóò│

│îáðàçîâàòüñÿ  çîíû  ìàðòåíñèòà  èëè çîíû ìåñòíîãî íåðàâíîìåðíîãî ïåðåõîäà│

│ïî   òâåðäîñòè   îò   çàêàëåííîãî   ê   íåçàêàëåííîìó   ñëîþ  ìåòàëëà.  Â│

ïðîöåññå   ýêñïëóàòàöèè  ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì ïîäâèæíîãî ñîñòàâà â ýòèõ çîíàõ│

│îáðàçóþòñÿ   îòñëîåíèÿ   è   âûêðàøèâàíèÿ   ðåëüñîâîãî ìåòàëëà. Óñêîðåíèþ│

│ïðîÿâëåíèÿ äåôåêòà ñïîñîáñòâóåò èñêðèâëåííîñòü ðåëüñîâûõ êîíöîâ.        

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, ïðîâåðêà èçìåðèòåëüíûìè ïðèáîðàìè.                  

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû,   èìåþùèå   âûêðàøèâàíèå   ãëóáèíîé áîëåå 3 ìì è äëèíîé áîëåå│

│25  ìì íà êîíöàõ  (äåô. 17.1) èëè  ãëóáèíîé áîëåå 3 ìì íà îñòàëüíîé ÷àñòè│

│ðåëüñà   íåçàâèñèìî   îò   äëèíû   âûêðàøèâàíèÿ  (äåô. 17.2), îòíîñÿòñÿ ê

│äåôåêòíûì ðåëüñàì è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå.                 

    Ïî   ðåëüñàì,  èìåþùèì âûêðàøèâàíèÿ â ñòûêå (äåô. 17.1) ãëóáèíîé îò 3│

│äî  4 ìì, ñêîðîñòü  äâèæåíèÿ íå äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü 100 êì/÷, îò 4 äî 6 ìì -│

│70 êì/÷. Òàêèå æå ñêîðîñòè óñòàíàâëèâàþòñÿ ïî ðåëüñàì, èìåþùèì äåô. 17.2,│

│åñëè åãî äëèíà ïðåâûøàåò 25 ìì.                                         

    Ïðè  ãëóáèíå âûêðàøèâàíèÿ áîëåå 6 ìì ðåëüñû çàìåíÿþò â ïåðâîî÷åðåäíîì│

ïîðÿäêå. Äî èõ çàìåíû ñêîðîñòü äâèæåíèÿ íå äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü 40 êì/÷.    

    Ïðîèçâåñòè   íàïëàâêó  êîíöîâ  ðåëüñîâ  ïî  òèïîâîìó òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîìó│

│ïðîöåññó èëè çàìåíó èõ â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå.                               

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü  â  ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ãàðàíòèéíûìè îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ                      

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     18            Âûêðàøèâàíèå íàïëàâëåííîãî ñëîÿ       │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê      íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàíèÿ ãîëîâêè ðåëüñà    │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  18     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Ïðè  íàðóøåíèè   òåõíîëîãèè   íàïëàâêè   ðåëüñîâ   ìîæåò   ïîëó÷èòüñÿ│

│íåðàâíîïðî÷íîå ñîåäèíåíèå  ìåæäó   íàïëàâëåííûì   è   îñíîâíûì   ìåòàëëîì│

│ðåëüñîâ.   ïðîöåññå  ýêñïëóàòàöèè  ïîä  âîçäåéñòâèåì  ïîäâèæíîãî ñîñòàâà│

│íàïëàâëåííûé  ñëîé  îòñëàèâàåòñÿ  è  âûêðàøèâàåòñÿ.  Âîçìîæíî îáðàçîâàíèå│

│ïîïåðå÷íûõ  òðåùèí,  èäóùèõ  îò îñíîâàíèÿ íàïëàâêè. Ïðè îáíàðóæåíèè òàêèõ

│òðåùèí ðåëüñ ñ÷èòàåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûì.                                  

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû,  èìåþùèå  âûêðàøèâàíèå  íàïëàâëåííîãî ñëîÿ äëèíîé áîëåå 25 ìì│

│èëè ãëóáèíîé áîëåå 3 ìì, îòíîñÿòñÿ ê äåôåêòíûì.                          

    Ïî  ðåëüñàì,  èìåþùèì  âûêðàøèâàíèÿ  ìåòàëëà  ãëóáèíîé  îò 3  äî 4 ìì│

│ñêîðîñòü  äâèæåíèÿ  íå äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü 100 êì/÷, îò 4 äî 6 ìì - 70 êì/÷.│

│Ïðè  ãëóáèíå  âûêðàøèâàíèÿ  áîëåå  6 ìì  ðåëüñ  çàìåíÿþò â ïåðâîî÷åðåäíîì│

ïîðÿäêå. Äî åãî çàìåíû ñêîðîñòü íå äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü 40 êì/÷.            

    Óäàëèòü  ðàíåå íàïëàâëåííûé ìåòàëë è ïðîèçâåñòè ïîâòîðíóþ íàïëàâêó ïî

│òèïîâîìó òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîìó ðåæèìó èëè çàìåíèòü ðåëüñ â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå. 

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü  â ñîîòâåòñòâèè  ñ ãàðàíòèéíûìè îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ïðîèçâîäèòåëþ íàïëàâî÷íûõ ðàáîò                                         

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   20.1-2    │Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû â ãîëîâêå â âèäå ñâåòëûõ │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê   │è òåìíûõ ïÿòåí è èçëîìû èç-çà íèõ, âûçâàííûå│â ñòûêå 20.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ âíóòðåííèìè ïîðîêàìè (ôëîêåíàìè, ãàçîâûìè  │âíå ñòûêà 20.2│

                           ïóçûðÿìè è äð.)                            

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                         

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Îñíîâíîé ïðè÷èíîé îáðàçîâàíèÿ òðåùèí ÿâëÿþòñÿ ôëîêåíû, êîòîðûå îáû÷íî│

│ðàñïîëàãàþòñÿ íà  ãëóáèíå áîëåå 10 ìì îò ïîâåðõíîñòè. Ôëîêåíîì íàçûâàåòñÿ│

│çåðíèñòûé   íàäðûâ,  îò  êîòîðîãî  ïîä  äåéñòâèåì  íàãðóçêè îò ïîäâèæíîãî│

│ñîñòàâà ðàäèàëüíî ðàçâèâàþòñÿ óñòàëîñòíûå òðåùèíû.                      

    Óñòàëîñòíûå   òðåùèíû   òàêæå   ðàçâèâàþòñÿ   îò   ãàçîâûõ   ïóçûðåé,│

│íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ   âêëþ÷åíèé  è ðåçêî âûðàæåííîé ëèêâàöèè - íåðàâíîìåðíîãî

│ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ  âõîäÿùèõ  â ñîñòàâ  ñòàëè  õèìè÷åñêèõ ýëåìåíòîâ ïî ñå÷åíèþ│

│ñëèòêà.                                                                  

    Åñëè  ïîïåðå÷íàÿ òðåùèíà íå âûøëà  íà ïîâåðõíîñòü ãîëîâêè, òî â ìåñòå

│èçëîìà  èìååòñÿ  ñâåòëîå ïÿòíî  (ñòàëü íå îêèñëåíà),  åñëè æå âûøëà, òî -│

│òåìíîå ïÿòíî.                                                           

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                                 

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                         

    Ðåëüñ   ñ ïîïåðå÷íîé  òðåùèíîé  â ãîëîâêå  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì è│

│ïîäëåæèò  çàìåíå  áåç  ïðîìåäëåíèÿ  ñ  ïðåäúÿâëåíèåì  â  ñîîòâåòñòâèè   ñ

│ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè  ðåêëàìàöèè  ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó  êîìáèíàòó -│

│èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ                                                    

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   21.1-2            Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû â ãîëîâêå        │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê      â âèäå ñâåòëûõ è òåìíûõ ïÿòåí è èçëîìû   │â ñòûêå 21.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│     èç-çà íèõ âñëåäñòâèå íåäîñòàòî÷íîé     │âíå ñòûêà 21.2│

               êîíòàêòíî-óñòàëîñòíîé ïðî÷íîñòè ìåòàëëà                 

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Çàãðÿçíåíèå  ñòàëè   âûñîêîòâåðäûìè   íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèìè   âêëþ÷åíèÿìè,│

âûòÿíóòûìè   ïðè   ïðîêàòêå   â   âèäå   ñòðî÷åê-äîðîæåê, è íåäîñòàòî÷íàÿ│

│êîíòàêòíî-óñòàëîñòíàÿ   ïðî÷íîñòü   ìåòàëëà   ïðèâîäèò   ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì│

│ïîäâèæíîãî ñîñòàâà ê ïîÿâëåíèþ è  ðàçâèòèþ  äåôåêòà. Íà÷àëîì  îáðàçîâàíèÿ│

│äåôåêòà,  â îòëè÷èå  îò  äåôåêòà 20,  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  âîçíèêíîâåíèå  âíóòðåííåé│

│ïðîäîëüíîé   òðåùèíû   (ÂÏÒ),   ðàçâèòèå   êîòîðîé   â   âèäå    çàìåòíûõ

│êîíöåíòðè÷åñêèõ ïîëîñ  ïðèâîäèò  ëèáî ê  îòñëîåíèþ  ìåòàëëà  (âûùåðáèíå -│

│äåô. 11), ëèáî  ê   ïîïåðå÷íîé   (äåô. 21) èëè   ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé   òðåùèíå│

│(äåô. 30Ã).                                                             

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                         

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû òèïîâ Ð50 è ëåã÷å ñ  âûÿâëåííûìè â íèõ  ïîïåðå÷íûìè  òðåùèíàìè│

│íåçàâèñèìî îò èõ ðàçìåðà ÿâëÿþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè  è ïîäëåæàò  çàìåíå áåç

│ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                                             

    Ðåëüñû òèïîâ Ð65 è Ð75 ïðè îáíàðóæåíèè â  íèõ ïðè äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèè│

│òðåùèí, âûõîäÿùèõ  çà   âåðòèêàëüíóþ îñü   ñèììåòðèè   ðåëüñà,   ÿâëÿþòñÿ│

│îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                      

     òîì ñëó÷àå, êîãäà  âíóòðåííÿÿ  òðåùèíà  íå âûõîäèò íà  ïîâåðõíîñòü,│

│à ãðàíèöû åå - çà ñåðåäèíó ãîëîâêè, äîïóñêàåòñÿ óñòàíîâêà íà ïîâðåæäåííîå

│ìåñòî íà ðåëüñàõ òèïà Ð65 è Ð75  øåñòèäûðíûõ íàêëàäîê  ñ ÷åòûðüìÿ áîëòàìè│

│òàê, ÷òîáû ñåðåäèíà íàêëàäêè ñîâìåùàëàñü ñ äåôåêòîì.  ( ïðîòèâíîì ñëó÷àå│

│ðåëüñ òàêæå ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûì è  ïîäëåæèò  íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå.) Ïðè│

ýòîì îòâåðñòèÿ äëÿ äâóõ ñðåäíèõ áîëòîâ íå ñâåðëÿòñÿ âî èçáåæàíèå ðàçâèòèÿ│

│äåôåêòà â èõ ñòîðîíó.                                                    

    Øåñòèäûðíûå íàêëàäêè íå äîïóñêàåòñÿ óñòàíàâëèâàòü â òîì  ñëó÷àå, åñëè│

│äåôåêò ðàñïîëîæåí íà ðàññòîÿíèè ìåíåå 2,5 ì îò  òîðöà ðåëüñà  (ïëåòè) èëè│

│åñëè îí ðàñïîëîæåí  áëèæå  12,5 ì  îò  óæå  èìåþùåãîñÿ  äåôåêòà,  âçÿòîãî│

│â íàêëàäêè.                                                             

    Äåôåêò, íà êîòîðîì óñòàíîâëåíû íàêëàäêè, èìåíóåòñÿ  â äàëüíåéøåì  êàê│

│äåôåêò 21.2.Í,  à  ñàì  ðåëüñ  ÿâëÿåòñÿ äåôåêòíûì.   Äî çàìåíû   ðåëüñà â

çâåíüåâîì ïóòè  èëè   îêîí÷àòåëüíîãî   âîññòàíîâëåíèÿ   ðåëüñîâîé   ïëåòè│

│áåññòûêîâîãî ïóòè,   âûïîëíÿåìûõ â   ïëàíîâîì  ïîðÿäêå,   äåôåêò   21.2.Í│

│ïîäâåðãàåòñÿ  ñèñòåìàòè÷åñêîìó   âèçóàëüíîìó  êîíòðîëþ  è  ïåðèîäè÷åñêîìó│

│(ïî óòâåðæäåííîìó ãðàôèêó) äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèþ.                         

    Åñëè  ïîïåðå÷íàÿ   âíóòðåííÿÿ   òðåùèíà äåôåêòà   21.2.Í â   ïðîöåññå│

│ýêñïëóàòàöèè ðàñïðîñòðàíèëàñü  ñî  ñòîðîíû  ðàáî÷åé ãðàíè ãîëîâêè  çà  åå

│ñåðåäèíó (çà âåðòèêàëüíóþ îñü ñèììåòðèè) èëè âûøëà íà ïîâåðõíîñòü ðåëüñà,│

│òî òàêîé ðåëüñ çàìåíÿåòñÿ áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ                               

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     24         Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû â ãîëîâêå è èçëîìû    │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê      èç-çà íèõ âñëåäñòâèå áîêñîâàíèÿ, þçà,    │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│  ïðîõîäà êîëåñ ñ ïîëçóíàìè èëè âûáîèíàìè         24     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Âñëåäñòâèå  áîêñîâàíèÿ  èëè  þçà, à òàêæå  ïðîõîäà   êîëåñ ñ áîëüøèìè

│ïîëçóíàìè èëè  âûáîèíàìè,  â ðåëüñàõ ìîãóò  ïîÿâèòüñÿ òðåùèíû,  ñïîñîáíûå│

│ïðèâåñòè ê õðóïêîìó èçëîìó, â îñîáåííîñòè ïðè íèçêèõ òåìïåðàòóðàõ.      

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                         

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ ñ ïîïåðå÷íîé òðåùèíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûì è ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå│

│áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                                        

    Íåîáõîäèìî  áîëåå  ÷àñòîå   (ïî óòâåðæäåííîìó ãðàôèêó)  íàáëþäåíèå  è│

│äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå  ðåëüñîâ íà ó÷àñòêå,  ãäå ïðîøåë  ïîäâèæíîé  ñîñòàâ ñ

│íåèñïðàâíûìè êîëåñàìè, åñëè  äàæå íèêàêèõ  âíåøíèõ  ïðèçíàêîâ ïîâðåæäåíèÿ│

│ðåëüñîâ íåò.                                                             

    Íåçàâèñèìî îò  íàðàáîòêè   òîííàæà   ñëåäóåò   ïðåäúÿâèòü   ïðåòåíçèè│

│è øòðàôíûå ñàíêöèè ëîêîìîòèâíûì èëè âàãîííûì äåïî                       

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     25         Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû â ãîëîâêå è èçëîìû    │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê      èç-çà íèõ âñëåäñòâèå óäàðîâ ïî ðåëüñó    │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│  (èíñòðóìåíòîì, ðåëüñîì î ðåëüñ) è äðóãèõ        25     

                       ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ ïîâðåæäåíèé                       

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                          

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Ìåõàíè÷åñêèå  ïîâðåæäåíèÿ  êîíöåíòðèðóþò  íàïðÿæåíèÿ  è ìîãóò ñëóæèòü│

│ìåñòàìè îáðàçîâàíèÿ òðåùèí äàæå ïðè  íîðìàëüíîé íàãðóçêå.  Òðåùèíà áûñòðî│

│ðàçâèâàåòñÿ è ìîæåò ïðèâåñòè ê èçëîìó ðåëüñà.                           

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                 

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

   Ðåëüñ ñ ïîïåðå÷íîé òðåùèíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûì  è ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå│

│áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                                        

    Ïðè ïîãðóçî÷íî-ðàçãðóçî÷íûõ  ðàáîòàõ  è  ýêñïëóàòàöèè  ðåëüñîâ â ïóòè│

│íåîáõîäèìî  áåðåæíî  îáðàùàòüñÿ  ñ  íèìè,  íå  äîïóñêàÿ  óäàðîâ è  äðóãèõ│

│ïîâðåæäåíèé                                                             

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    26.3          Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû â ãîëîâêå èç-çà     │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê       íàðóøåíèé òåõíîëîãèè ñâàðêè ðåëüñîâ     │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                              êîíòàêòíîé 

                                                            ñòûêîâîé  

                                                         │ ñâàðêè 26.3 

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Íàðóøåíèÿ ðåæèìà ñâàðêè, íàëè÷èå íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ  âêëþ÷åíèé, òðåùèí â

ìåñòå ñâàðêè èëè íàëè÷èå çàðóáîâ.                                       

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ ñ ïîïåðå÷íîé òðåùèíîé ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûì è ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå│

│áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.  ñâàðíîé ïëåòè  íåîáõîäèìî  âûðåçàòü  ó÷àñòîê  ðåëüñà ñ

│òðåùèíàìè äëÿ ïîñëåäóþùåé ââàðêè íîâîé âñòàâêè.                         

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ïðåäïðèÿòèþ, êîòîðîå ïðîèçâîäèëî ñâàðêó ðåëüñà                          

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   27.1-2        Çàêàëî÷íûå òðåùèíû â çàêàëåííîì ñëîå    │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê                 ìåòàëëà ãîëîâêè               │â ñòûêå 27.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                            │âíå ñòûêà 27.2│

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                         

    Íàðóøåíèå   òåõíîëîãèè   çàêàëêè  ðåëüñîâ   (íåðàâíîìåðíûé  íàãðåâ  è│

│îõëàæäåíèå â ïðîöåññå çàêàëêè).                                         

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                                

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ ñ çàêàëî÷íûìè  òðåùèíàìè  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì  è  ïîäëåæèò│

│çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                                 

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè  ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ                      

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┌─────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────────┬───────────────┐

   30Â.1-2         Âåðòèêàëüíîå ðàññëîåíèå ãîëîâêè      │ Êîä äåôåêòà: 

   Ðèñóíîê        èç-çà îñòàòêîâ óñàäî÷íîé ðàêîâèíû     │â ñòûêå 30Â.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                           │âíå ñòûêà 30Â.2│

├─────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┤

                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                         

    Íàëè÷èå â ðåëüñå îñòàòêîâ  óñàäî÷íîé  ðàêîâèíû  (íàðóøåíèå ñïëîøíîñòè│

│ìåòàëëà ïðè  çàòâåðäåâàíèè  ñëèòêà ñòàëè),  ðåçêî  âûðàæåííîé  ëèêâàöèè è│

│çàâîðîòîâ  êîðêè  (ïîâåðõíîñòíàÿ  íåîäíîðîäíîñòü  ìåòàëëà  ñëèòêà)  ìîæåò│

│ïðèâåñòè â ýêñïëóàòàöèè ê âåðòèêàëüíûì ðàññëîåíèÿì ãîëîâêè ðåëüñà.      

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                         

    Ðåëüñ ñ âåðòèêàëüíûì  ðàññëîåíèåì ãîëîâêè  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì è│

│ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                        

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ                      

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   30Ã.1-2     Ãîðèçîíòàëüíîå ðàññëîåíèå ãîëîâêè èç-çà  │ Êîä äåôåêòà: 

   Ðèñóíîê        íàëè÷èÿ íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ âêëþ÷åíèé     │â ñòûêå 30Ã.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                           │âíå ñòûêà 30Ã.2│

├─────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────┤

                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Íàëè÷èå çàãðÿçíåíèÿ ñòàëè â âèäå  êðóïíûõ  ñêîïëåíèé  íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ│

│âêëþ÷åíèé, âûòÿíóòûõ âäîëü ïðîêàòêè, íà ãëóáèíå áîëåå 8 ìì îò ïîâåðõíîñòè│

│êàòàíèÿ  ìîæåò  ïðèâåñòè  â  ýêñïëóàòàöèè ê   ãîðèçîíòàëüíîìó  ðàññëîåíèþ│

│ãîëîâêè (ñì. ïðè÷èíû îáðàçîâàíèÿ äåô. 21).                              

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ ñ îáíàðóæåííûì  ðàññëîåíèåì  ãîëîâêè ÿâëÿåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì è│

│ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                        

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ                      

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    38.1          Òðåùèíû â ãîëîâêå â ìåñòå ïðèâàðêè     │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê              ðåëüñîâûõ ñîåäèíèòåëåé           │ â ñòûêå 38.1 │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                         

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                          

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Èç-çà íàðóøåíèÿ  ðåæèìà  ñâàðêè ïðè  ïðèâàðêå ðåëüñîâûõ  ñîåäèíèòåëåé│

│ìîãóò  âîçíèêíóòü  ñâàðî÷íûå   òðåùèíû,  íåïðîâàðû,  ïîäæîãè,  êîòîðûå  â

ðåçóëüòàòå óñòàëîñòíîãî ðàçâèòèÿ ìîãóò ïðèâåñòè ê îòêîëàì ãîëîâêè.      

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ, èìåþùèé ëþáûå òðåùèíû â ãîëîâêå èç-çà íàðóøåíèé  ðåæèìà ñâàðêè│

│ïðè ïðèâàðêå ðåëüñîâûõ ñîåäèíèòåëåé,  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì è ïîäëåæèò│

│çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                                 

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ïðîèçâîäèòåëþ ðàáîò ïî ïðèâàðêå ðåëüñîâûõ ñîåäèíèòåëåé                  

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     40        Âîëíîîáðàçíàÿ äåôîðìàöèÿ ãîëîâêè ðåëüñà   │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê                 (äëèííûå âîëíû)               │ïî âñåé äëèíå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  40     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Âîëíîîáðàçíàÿ äåôîðìàöèÿ ãîëîâêè  (äëèíîé 25 - 150 ñì),  êàê ïðàâèëî,│

│âîçíèêàåò ïðè ïðîêàòêå è ïðàâêå ðåëüñîâ íà êîìáèíàòàõ âñëåäñòâèå âèáðàöèè│

│ïðîêàòíîé   êëåòè,  áèåíèÿ  âàëêîâ  è  äðóãèõ  ïðè÷èí,  à  â ýêñïëóàòàöèè│

│ïðîèñõîäèò äàëüíåéøåå  ðàçâèòèå  ïåðâîíà÷àëüíûõ  äåôåêòîâ  è  îáðàçîâàíèå│

│âîëíîîáðàçíûõ íåðîâíîñòåé.                                              

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, èçìåðåíèå ðåëüñîèçìåðèòåëüíûìè òåëåæêàìè.           

                                                                        

                     ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÐÅËÜÑÀ                    

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû ñ ãëóáèíîé âîëíû áîëåå 1 ìì ïðè èçìåðåíèè íà áàçå 1 ì ÿâëÿþòñÿ│

äåôåêòíûìè    è    ïîäëåæàò    øëèôîâêå    ðåëüñîøëèôîâàëüíûì  ïîåçäîì  ñ│

│ïåðèîäè÷íîñòüþ ïî óòâåðæäåííîìó ãðàôèêó.                                

    Äî ïðîâåäåíèÿ  øëèôîâàëüíûõ  ðàáîò èëè  ïëàíîâîé çàìåíû  ïî ðåëüñàì ñ

│ãëóáèíîé  âîëíû  îò 1 äî  1,5 ìì  ñêîðîñòü äâèæåíèÿ  íå äîëæíà  ïðåâûøàòü│

│140 êì/÷, îò 1,5 äî 2 ìì - 100 êì/÷, îò 2 äî 3 ìì - 70 êì/÷.            

    Ðåëüñû ñ ãëóáèíîé âîëíû áîëåå 3 ìì  ïîäëåæàò  çàìåíå â ïåðâîî÷åðåäíîì│

ïîðÿäêå. Äî èõ çàìåíû ñêîðîñòü äâèæåíèÿ íå äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü 40 êì/÷     

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   41.1-2         Ñìÿòèå è âåðòèêàëüíûé èçíîñ èç-çà      │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê         íåäîñòàòî÷íîé ïðî÷íîñòè ìåòàëëà       │â ñòûêå 41.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                            │âíå ñòûêà 41.2│

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Èç-çà íåñîîòâåòñòâèÿ  ïðî÷íîñòè  ìåòàëëà  ãîëîâêè ðåëüñà  óñëîâèÿì åå│

│íàãðóæåíèÿ  êîëåñàìè  ïîäâèæíîãî  ñîñòàâà  ìåòàëë  áûñòðî  äåôîðìèðóåòñÿ,│

│ñïëûâàåò íà áîêîâóþ ãðàíü ãîëîâêè èëè èçíàøèâàåòñÿ. Ñìÿòèþ êîíöîâ ðåëüñîâ│

│ñïîñîáñòâóåò òàêæå íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîå ñîäåðæàíèå ðåëüñîâûõ ñòûêîâ.    

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                             

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, ïðîâåðêà èçìåðèòåëüíûìè ïðèáîðàìè.                  

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ïðè íàëè÷èè íåðàâíîìåðíîãî  ñìÿòèÿ,  çàòðóäíÿþùåãî  ñîäåðæàíèå øèðèíû│

│êîëåè â ïðåäåëàõ óñòàíîâëåííûõ íîðì,  èëè  ðàâíîìåðíîãî  ñìÿòèÿ è èçíîñà,│

âåëè÷èíà êîòîðîãî ïðåâûøàåò äîïóñêàåìóþ äëÿ âåðòèêàëüíîãî èçíîñà, à òàêæå│

│ïðè ïðîâèñøèõ êîíöàõ â ñòûêàõ, âêëþ÷àÿ ñìÿòèå, ðåëüñû ÿâëÿþòñÿ äåôåêòíûìè│

│è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå.                                    

    Äî  èõ  çàìåíû  ïî  ðåëüñàì  ñ  ãëóáèíîé  íåðîâíîñòåé  îò 1,5 äî 2 ìì│

│ñêîðîñòü äâèæåíèÿ íå äîëæíà  ïðåâûøàòü 140 êì/÷, îò 2 äî 3 ìì - 120 êì/÷,│

│îò 3 äî 4 ìì - 100 êì/÷, îò 4 äî 6 ìì - 70 êì/÷.                        

    Ïðè ãëóáèíå íåðîâíîñòåé áîëåå 6 ìì ðåëüñû çàìåíÿþòñÿ â ïåðâîî÷åðåäíîì│

ïîðÿäêå. Äî èõ çàìåíû ñêîðîñòü äâèæåíèÿ íå äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü 40 êì/÷     

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     43      │ Ñìÿòèå ãîëîâêè âíóòðåííåãî ðåëüñà â êðèâîé │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê                 èç-çà ïåðåãðóçà               │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  43      

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Óâåëè÷åííîå  äàâëåíèå  êîëåñ  íà  âíóòðåííþþ íèòü  êðèâûõ,  âûçâàííîå│

│ñíèæåíèåì ôàêòè÷åñêè ðåàëèçóåìûõ ñêîðîñòåé äâèæåíèÿ ïîåçäîâ (êàê ïðàâèëî,│

ãðóçîâûõ) îòíîñèòåëüíî ïðèíÿòûõ ïðè ðàñ÷åòå âîçâûøåíèÿ.                 

     îòëè÷èå  îò  äåôåêòà 41,  ãäå  ñìÿòèå   îáúÿñíÿåòñÿ   íåäîñòàòî÷íîé

│ïðî÷íîñòüþ  ìåòàëëà,  äåôåêò  âûçâàí  èçìåíåíèÿìè  â  óñëîâèÿõ  îáðàùåíèÿ│

│ïîåçäîâ, íå  ñîïðîâîæäàâøèìèñÿ  ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèìè  èçìåíåíèÿìè âîçâûøåíèÿ.│

│Ïðè  óâåëè÷åííûõ  íàãðóçêàõ  íà ðåëüñ   ìåòàëë  íà  ïîâåðõíîñòè  ãîëîâêè,│

│äåôîðìèðóÿñü, "òå÷åò" îò ñåðåäèíû ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàíèÿ ê áîêîâûì ãðàíÿì. 

│ ðåçóëüòàòå ýòîãî â ìåòàëëå ãîëîâêè âîçíèêàþò çíà÷èòåëüíûå ðàñòÿãèâàþùèå│

│íàïðÿæåíèÿ,  êîòîðûå  ïðè   íåáëàãîïðèÿòíûõ   óñëîâèÿõ ìîãóò   ïðèâåñòè ê

│âîçíèêíîâåíèþ ïðîäîëüíûõ âåðòèêàëüíûõ òðåùèí (äåô. 43 ïåðåðàñòàåò â 30Â).│

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû  ñ  íåðàâíîìåðíûì  ñìÿòèåì  ãîëîâêè, çàòðóäíÿþùèì   ñîäåðæàíèå│

│øèðèíû êîëåè â ïðåäåëàõ óñòàíîâëåííûõ  íîðì äàæå ïîñëå  óäàëåíèÿ íàïëûâîâ│

│ìåòàëëà  øëèôîâêîé,  ÿâëÿþòñÿ  äåôåêòíûìè è  ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå  â  ïëàíîâîì

ïîðÿäêå.                                                                 

     êðèâûõ ó÷àñòêàõ ïóòè ðàäèóñîì 500 ì è ìåíåå ðåëüñû  òèïîâ Ð65 è Ð75│

│ñ øèðèíîé ãîëîâêè  90 ìì  è Ð50 ñ øèðèíîé  ãîëîâêè  85 ìì òàêæå  ÿâëÿþòñÿ│

äåôåêòíûìè è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå. Ïðè øèðèíå ãîëîâêè áîëåå│

│óêàçàííûõ çíà÷åíèé, à òàêæå ïðè íàïëûâàõ  íà áîêîâîé  ïîâåðõíîñòè ãîëîâêè│

│5 - 10 ìì  è  áîëåå,  íàëè÷èè  òåìíîãî  æåëîáêà  íà  ïîâåðõíîñòè  êàòàíèÿ│

│ãëóáèíîé 1 - 3 ìì è  áîëåå,  îñûïàíèÿ  îêàëèíû  è íàëè÷èè  óçêîé  ïîëîñêè│

│êðàñíîòû â çîíå  ñîïðÿæåíèÿ  ãîëîâêè  ñ øåéêîé  ñî ñòîðîíû  ðàáî÷åé ãðàíè│

│ðåëüñû çàìåíÿþòñÿ áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                      

    Íåîáõîäèìî  âîññòàíîâèòü  ñîîòâåòñòâèå  ìåæäó  âîçâûøåíèåì  íàðóæíîãî│

│ðåëüñà è ðåàëèçóåìûìè ñêîðîñòÿìè äâèæåíèÿ ïîåçäîâ                       

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     44             Áîêîâîé èçíîñ ãîëîâêè ðåëüñîâ        │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê              ñâåðõ äîïóñêàåìûõ íîðì           │ïî âñåé äëèíå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                              ðåëüñà 44  

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                          

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Íåäîñòàòî÷íàÿ èçíîñîñòîéêîñòü ðåëüñîâîãî ìåòàëëà  è óñèëåííîå áîêîâîå│

│âîçäåéñòâèå,  ñâÿçàííîå,  êàê  ïðàâèëî,  ñ  óâåëè÷åíèåì  óãëîâ  íàáåãàíèÿ│

│ãðåáíåé êîëåñ  íà  áîêîâóþ  ãðàíü  ðåëüñîâ  èç-çà  íàðóøåíèé  íîðìàëüíîãî

│âïèñûâàíèÿ òåëåæåê ïîäâèæíîãî ñîñòàâà â êðèâûå ó÷àñòêè ïóòè.            

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                           

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé  îñìîòð,  ïðîâåðêà  èçìåðèòåëüíûìè  ïðèáîðàìè. Áîêîâîé  èçíîñ│

│èçìåðÿåòñÿ îòíîñèòåëüíî ïðîôèëÿ íîâîãî ðåëüñà íà âûñîòå 13 ìì íèæå  âåðõà│

│ãîëîâêè èëè ïîä  óãëîì 45° ê  îñè  ñèììåòðèè ðåëüñà  â òî÷êå,  ïðîõîäÿùåé│

│÷åðåç ñåðåäèíó áîêîâîé ðàáî÷åé âûêðóæêè.                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                         

    Ðåëüñû ñ áîêîâûì èçíîñîì, ïðåâûøàþùèì  äîïóñòèìûå  íîðìû, îòíîñÿòñÿ ê

äåôåêòíûì è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå.                         

    Ïðè èíòåíñèâíîì áîêîâîì èçíîñå ñëåäóåò èñïîëüçîâàòü ãðåáíåñìàçûâàòåëè│

│è ðåëüñîñìàçûâàòåëè (ïåðåäâèæíûå èëè ñòàöèîíàðíûå).                     

    Â êðèâûõ  íàäî  óêëàäûâàòü  ðåëüñû,  èçãîòîâëåííûå  èç  èçíîñîñòîéêèõ│

│ñòàëåé.                                                                 

    Íåîáõîäèìî   îáåñïå÷èâàòü   ïðàâèëüíîå  ïîëîæåíèå   êðèâûõ â   ïëàíå,│

│ëèêâèäèðîâàòü âîçìîæíûå îòñòóïëåíèÿ ïî  âîçâûøåíèþ íàðóæíîãî  ðåëüñà è íå│

│äîïóñêàòü   â  ýêñïëóàòàöèè   îòñòóïëåíèé â   ñîäåðæàíèè   õîäîâûõ ÷àñòåé│

│ïîäâèæíîãî ñîñòàâà.                                                      

    Ïî ðåëüñàì òèïîâ Ð75 è Ð65,  èìåþùèì  áîêîâîé  èçíîñ îò  15 äî 20 ìì,│

│è òèïà Ð50 ñ èçíîñîì  îò  13 äî 18  ìì, äîïóñòèìûå  ñêîðîñòè  äâèæåíèÿ íå│

│äîëæíû ïðåâûøàòü  (ñ ó÷åòîì  îáùåãî  ñîñòîÿíèÿ  ïóòè  è ðåëüñîâ)  70 êì/÷│

│â êðèâûõ ðàäèóñîì áîëåå  350 ì è 60 êì/÷ â  êðèâûõ  ìåíüøèõ  ðàäèóñîâ äëÿ

│ãðóçîâûõ ïîåçäîâ, à äëÿ ïàññàæèðñêèõ - 80 è 70 êì/÷ ñîîòâåòñòâåííî.     

    Ðåëüñû òèïà Ð50 ñ áîêîâûì  èçíîñîì  áîëåå 18 ìì,  à Ð65 è Ð75 - áîëåå│

│20 ìì çàìåíÿþòñÿ â ïåðâîî÷åðåäíîì ïîðÿäêå                               

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    46.3          Ñìÿòèå ãîëîâêè èç-çà íåðàâíîìåðíîñòè     │Êîä äåôåêòà:│

   Ðèñóíîê        ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ ìåòàëëà â ìåñòå       â ìåñòå  

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                ñâàðíîãî ñòûêà                êîíòàêòíîé

                                                             ñòûêîâîé 

                                                           │ñâàðêè 46.3 │

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                         

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Âñëåäñòâèå íåîäíîðîäíîñòè ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ ñâîéñòâ ìåòàëëà,  ïîëó÷àþùåéñÿ│

│ïðè ñâàðêå ðåëüñîâ,  îáðàçóåòñÿ  ìåñòíîå  îäèíî÷íîå (îäíà  ñåäëîâèíà) èëè│

│äâîéíîå (äâå ñåäëîâèíû) ñìÿòèå ãîëîâêè ðåëüñà.                          

    Èíòåíñèâíîìó ðàçâèòèþ  ñåäëîâèí â  ýêñïëóàòàöèè ñïîñîáñòâóþò  íàëè÷èå│

│íà÷àëüíîé íåðîâíîñòè â ñâàðíîì ñòûêå,  îáðàçîâàâøåéñÿ  ïðè ñâàðêå ðåëüñîâ│

│ñ êîíöåâîé èñêðèâëåííîñòüþ, à òàêæå îòñóòñòâèå òåðìîóïðî÷íÿþùåé îáðàáîòêè│

│ñâàðíûõ ñòûêîâ.                                                         

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, ïðîâåðêà èçìåðèòåëüíûìè ïðèáîðàìè.                  

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû, èìåþùèå ñìÿòèå ãëóáèíîé áîëåå 1 ìì ïðè èçìåðåíèè íà áàçå 1 ì,│

│ÿâëÿþòñÿ   äåôåêòíûìè  è  ïîäëåæàò  âûðàâíèâàíèþ  óêëîíîâ  íåðîâíîñòè  íà

│ïîâåðõíîñòè  êàòàíèÿ  â  çîíå  ñâàðíîãî  ñòûêà  ìåñòíûì   øëèôîâàíèåì. Äî│

│âûïîëíåíèÿ òàêèõ ðàáîò èëè  ïëàíîâîé çàìåíû  íà ðåëüñàõ,  èìåþùèõ  ñìÿòèå│

│ãëóáèíîé îò  1 äî 2 ìì,  ñêîðîñòü  äâèæåíèÿ  ïîåçäîâ íå  äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü│

│120 êì/÷, à ïðè ãëóáèíå ñìÿòèÿ îò 2 äî 3 ìì - 70 êì/÷. Ïðè íàëè÷èè ñìÿòèÿ│

│ãëóáèíîé áîëåå 3 ìì ñêîðîñòü äâèæåíèÿ íå äîëæíà ïðåâûøàòü 40 êì/÷       

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    47.1           Ñìÿòèå ãîëîâêè â âèäå ñåäëîâèíû       │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê              â çîíå áîëòîâîãî ñòûêà           │ â ñòûêå 47.1 │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                         

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                          

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Ñìÿòèå ãîëîâêè â âèäå ñåäëîâèíû ñâÿçàíî ñ îñîáåííîñòÿìè äèíàìè÷åñêîãî

│âîçäåéñòâèÿ  êîëåñà  íà ðåëüñ  ïðè  ïðîõîæäåíèè èì çîíû  ñòûêà.  Ðàçâèòèþ│

│äåôåêòà ñïîñîáñòâóåò ðåçêèé ïåðåõîä òâåðäîñòè ìåòàëëà ãîëîâêè.          

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, ïðîâåðêà èçìåðèòåëüíûìè ïðèáîðàìè (ëèíåéêàìè, ùóïàìè,│

│òåëåæêàìè).                                                             

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                         

    Ðåëüñû,  èìåþùèå  ñåäëîâèíû  áîëåå 1,5 ìì  ïðè èçìåðåíèè îò  ñåðåäèíû│

│ëèíåéêè äëèíîé 1 ì, ÿâëÿþòñÿ äåôåêòíûìè.                                

    Äëÿ ïîëíîãî èëè ÷àñòè÷íîãî  óñòðàíåíèÿ  äåôåêòîâ ïðîâîäèòñÿ  øëèôîâêà│

│ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàíèÿ ãîëîâêè ðåëüñîâ, à äëÿ óïîëîæåíèÿ  óêëîíîâ íåðîâíîñòè│

│â çîíå ñåäëîâèí - ìåñòíàÿ øëèôîâêà.                                     

    Äî âûïîëíåíèÿ òàêèõ ðàáîò èëè ïëàíîâîé çàìåíû íà ðåëüñàõ  ïðè ãëóáèíå│

│ñåäëîâèíû  îò 1,5 äî  2 ìì  íà  äëèíå 1 ì  ñêîðîñòü  äâèæåíèÿ  íå  äîëæíà│

│ïðåâûøàòü  140 êì/÷, îò  2 äî 3  ìì - 120 êì/÷,  îò 3 äî 4 ìì - 100 êì/÷,│

│îò 4 äî 6 ìì - 70 êì/÷                                                  

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     49           Êîðîòêèå (3 - 25 ñì) âîëíîîáðàçíûå     │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê      íåðîâíîñòè íà ãîëîâêå ðåëüñîâ - ðèôëè    │ïî âñåé äëèíå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  49     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                         

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Ïðè  äâèæåíèè  ïîäâèæíîãî  ñîñòàâà  âñëåäñòâèå  ðÿäà  ïðè÷èí (ãëàâíûì│

│îáðàçîì  èç-çà  ðàçíîñòè  â  äèàìåòðàõ  êðóãîâ  êàòàíèÿ  êîëåñíîé   ïàðû)│

│âîçíèêàåò  ïåðèîäè÷åñêîå  ïðîñêàëüçûâàíèå êîëåñ,  ÷òî âûçûâàåò ñäâèãè èëè│

│ïîâûøåííîå  èñòèðàíèå  âåðõíèõ  ñëîåâ  ìåòàëëà  â  ìåñòàõ ïðîñêàëüçûâàíèÿ│

│è îáðàçîâàíèå êîðîòêèõ íåðîâíîñòåé.                                     

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, ïðîâåðêà èçìåðèòåëüíûìè ïðèáîðàìè.                  

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû ñ ãëóáèíîé  ðèôëåé  áîëåå 1 ìì  ïðè  èçìåðåíèè  íà  áàçå  1  ì│

│ÿâëÿþòñÿ äåôåêòíûìè. Äëÿ óñòðàíåíèÿ ðèôëåé  ïðîèçâîäèòñÿ ïðîôèëàêòè÷åñêàÿ

│øëèôîâêà   ïîâåðõíîñòè   ãîëîâêè   ðåëüñîâ  ðåëüñîøëèôîâàëüíûì  ïîåçäîì ñ

│ïåðèîäè÷íîñòüþ ïî óòâåðæäåííîìó ãðàôèêó.                                

    Äî ïðîâåäåíèÿ  øëèôîâêè  èëè  çàìåíû  ðåëüñîâ â  ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå ïðè

│ãëóáèíå ðèôëåé  îò 1 äî  1,5 ìì  ñêîðîñòü  äâèæåíèÿ  íå äîëæíà  ïðåâûøàòü│

│140 êì/÷, îò 1,5 äî 2 ìì - 100 êì/÷, îò 2 äî 3 ìì - 70 êì/÷.            

    Ðåëüñû ñ ãëóáèíîé âîëíû áîëåå 3 ìì  ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå  â ïåðâîî÷åðåäíîì│

ïîðÿäêå. Äî èõ çàìåíû ñêîðîñòü äâèæåíèÿ íå äîëæíà áûòü áîëåå 40 êì/÷    

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   50.1-2         Ðàññëîåíèå øåéêè âñëåäñòâèå äåôåêòîâ   │Êîä äåôåêòîâ: │

   Ðèñóíîê          òåõíîëîãèè èçãîòîâëåíèÿ ðåëüñîâ      │â ñòûêå 50.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                            │âíå ñòûêà 50.2│

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                         

    Îñòàòêè óñàäî÷íîé ðàêîâèíû, ðåçêî âûðàæåííàÿ ëèêâàöèÿ  â øåéêå ðåëüñà│

│âñëåäñòâèå íåäîñòàòî÷íîé îáðåçêè  ðåëüñîâîé  ïîëîñû ïðè  ïðîêàòêå ðåëüñîâ│

│èëè  íàëè÷èå  ñêîïëåíèé  íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ   âêëþ÷åíèé   ìîãóò  ïðèâåñòè  ê

│îáðàçîâàíèþ ðàññëîåíèÿ øåéêè â ýêñïëóàòàöèè.                            

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                         

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû, èìåþùèå ðàññëîåíèå øåéêè, ÿâëÿþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è ïîäëåæàò│

│çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                                 

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ãàðàíòèéíûìè îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè   ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ                      

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   52.1-2       Ïðîäîëüíûå òðåùèíû è âûêîëû èç-çà íèõ    │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê        â ìåñòàõ ïåðåõîäà ãîëîâêè â øåéêó      │â ñòûêå 52.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                            │âíå ñòûêà 52.2│

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Âûñîêèå   ìåñòíûå   íàïðÿæåíèÿ,   ïîÿâëåíèþ    êîòîðûõ   ñïîñîáñòâóþò│

│íåêà÷åñòâåííàÿ îáðàáîòêà êðîìîê òîðöîâ ðåëüñîâ, à òàêæå ÷ðåçìåðíûå óñèëèÿ│

│çàòÿæêè   ñòûêîâûõ   áîëòîâ,   èçíîøåííûå   íàêëàäêè, ïðîñàäêè  â ñòûêàõ,│

│íàðóøåíèå ïîäóêëîíêè ðåëüñîâ, îäíîñòîðîííÿÿ ïåðåãðóçêà ãîëîâêè ðåëüñà.  

    Ïðè ðàçâèòèè òðåùèíà ìîæåò èçìåíèòü  íàïðàâëåíèå è ïðèâåñòè  ê âûêîëó│

│êóñêà ðåëüñà.                                                           

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                         

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû ñ ïðîäîëüíûìè òðåùèíàìè ïîä  ãîëîâêîé,  âûõîäÿùèìè â òîðåö èëè│

│íà÷èíàþùèìèñÿ îò òîðöà, íåçàâèñèìî îò  äëèíû, à òàêæå  ðåëüñû ñ òðåùèíàìè│

│äëèíîé áîëåå 30 ìì, ðàñïîëîæåííûìè âíå ñòûêà, ÿâëÿþòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è│

│ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                        

    Ðåëüñû ñ êðàñíîòîé ïîä ãîëîâêîé, à òàêæå ñ ïðîäîëüíîé  ãîðèçîíòàëüíîé│

│òðåùèíîé  ïîä  ãîëîâêîé  âíå  ñòûêà  äëèíîé  äî  30  ìì  ïðè  îáåñïå÷åíèè│

│òùàòåëüíîãî íàáëþäåíèÿ îòíîñÿòñÿ ê äåôåêòíûì è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì│

ïîðÿäêå.                                                                

    Ïðè íàëè÷èè êîíöåíòðàòîðîâ íàïðÿæåíèé èç-çà  íåêà÷åñòâåííîé îáðàáîòêè│

│òîðöîâ ðåëüñîâ ïðåäúÿâèòü â  ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè│

│ðåêëàìàöèþ ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ           

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   53.1-2       Òðåùèíû â øåéêå îò áîëòîâûõ èëè äðóãèõ   │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê               îòâåðñòèé â ðåëüñàõ             │â ñòûêå 53.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                            │âíå ñòûêà 53.2│

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Êîíöåíòðàöèÿ  íàïðÿæåíèé  íà êðîìêàõ  áîëòîâûõ  îòâåðñòèé. Îòñóòñòâèå│

│èëè  íåêà÷åñòâåííîå  èñïîëíåíèå  ôàñîê,  íàäðûâû  íà  êðîìêàõ  îòâåðñòèé,│

│íåðîâíîñòè  íà  ïîâåðõíîñòè  îòâåðñòèé  èç-çà  íåêà÷åñòâåííîãî  ñâåðëåíèÿ│

│è êîððîçèÿ óñêîðÿþò ïðîöåññ òðåùèíîîáðàçîâàíèÿ.                         

    Íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîå ñîäåðæàíèå  ñòûêîâ (îñëàáëåíèå áîëòîâ,  ñìÿòèå è│

│ïðîâèñàíèå êîíöîâ  ðåëüñîâ,  ïðîñàäêè, áîëüøèå  ðàñòÿíóòûå  çàçîðû) ìîæåò│

│ñòàòü äîïîëíèòåëüíîé ïðè÷èíîé ïîÿâëåíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ äåôåêòà.             

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð ñî ñíÿòèåì íàêëàäîê, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.            

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû   ñ   òðåùèíàìè   â   øåéêå  îò  áîëòîâûõ  îòâåðñòèé  ÿâëÿþòñÿ│

│îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                      

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó èëè äðóãîìó èçãîòîâèòåëþ îòâåðñòèé â ðåëüñàõ │

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     55        Òðåùèíû â øåéêå îò ìàðêèðîâî÷íûõ çíàêîâ,  │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê      óäàðîâ ïî øåéêå è äðóãèõ ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ    │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│       ïîâðåæäåíèé è âûêîëû èç-çà íèõ             55     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                          

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

     øåéêå â  ìåñòàõ  ìàðêèðîâî÷íûõ  çíàêîâ èëè  ïîâðåæäåíèé  îò  óäàðîâ│

│êîíöåíòðèðóþòñÿ íàïðÿæåíèÿ, êîòîðûå ìîãóò  ïðèâåñòè ê  îáðàçîâàíèþ òðåùèí│

│èëè èçëîìó ðåëüñà.                                                      

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû ñ òðåùèíàìè  ÿâëÿþòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè  è ïîäëåæàò  çàìåíå áåç│

│ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                                            

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ                       

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    56.3          Òðåùèíû â øåéêå â ìåñòå ñâàðíîãî øâà     │Êîä äåôåêòà:│

   Ðèñóíîê      âñëåäñòâèå äåôåêòîâ ñâàðêè èëè îáðàáîòêè     â ìåñòå  

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                 ñâàðíîãî øâà                 êîíòàêòíîé

                                                             ñòûêîâîé 

                                                           │ñâàðêè 56.3 │

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                         

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Ãîðèçîíòàëüíûå    òðåùèíû     ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî      âîçíèêàþò    èç-çà

│íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîé    îáðàáîòêè    ñâàðíîãî   øâà   ïîñëå   ñâàðêè,   à│

│âåðòèêàëüíûå - â ðåçóëüòàòå íàðóøåíèÿ ðåæèìà ñâàðêè.                    

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                             

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ ñ  òðåùèíàìè  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì  è  ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå  áåç│

│ïðîìåäëåíèÿ;   â   ñâàðíîé  ïëåòè  íåîáõîäèìî   âûðåçàòü  ó÷àñòîê  ðåëüñà│

│ñ òðåùèíàìè è ââàðèòü íîâóþ âñòàâêó.                                    

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè  ñ ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ïðåäïðèÿòèþ, êîòîðîå ïðîèçâîäèëî ñâàðêó ðåëüñà                           

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     59                 Êîððîçèÿ øåéêè ðåëüñîâ           │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê                                               │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  59     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                         

    Àòìîñôåðíîå  âëèÿíèå   è  âîçäåéñòâèå  õèìè÷åñêèõ  âåùåñòâ.  Íàèáîëåå│

│âåðîÿòíî ïîÿâëåíèå  òàêèõ  äåôåêòîâ â  òîííåëÿõ, à  òàêæå  â ìåñòíîñòÿõ ñ

│ñîëîí÷àêîâûìè ïî÷âàìè.                                                  

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                      

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                         

    Ðåëüñû, ïîðàæåííûå êîððîçèåé øåéêè íà ãëóáèíó áîëåå 2 ìì äëÿ òèïà Ð50│

│è ëåã÷å, áîëåå 3 ìì äëÿ  òèïà  Ð65 è  áîëåå 4 ìì  äëÿ òèïà  Ð75, ÿâëÿþòñÿ│

äåôåêòíûìè è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå                         

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   60.1-2    │Âîëîñîâèíû â ïîäîøâå, òðåùèíû, âûêîëû ÷àñòè │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê       ïîäîøâû è èçëîìû èç-çà ýòèõ äåôåêòîâ    │â ñòûêå 60.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                            │âíå ñòûêà 60.2│

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

      ïðîöåññå  èçãîòîâëåíèÿ  ðåëüñîâ  èç-çà íåäîñòàòêîâ  èëè  íàðóøåíèÿ│

│òåõíîëîãèè ïðîèçâîäñòâà íà èõ ïîäîøâå  ìîãóò îáðàçîâàòüñÿ  äåôåêòû â âèäå│

│âîëîñîâèí, çàêàòîâ  è  äðóãèå,  êîòîðûå  â  ïðîöåññå  ýêñïëóàòàöèè  ìîãóò│

│ïðèâåñòè  ê  îáðàçîâàíèþ òðåùèí, à  çàòåì  ê  âûêîëó  ÷àñòè  ïîäîøâû  èëè│

│èçëîìó ðåëüñà.                                                          

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ ñ âûêîëîì ïîäîøâû, à òàêæå ñ òðåùèíàìè  ÿâëÿåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûì│

│è ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                       

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñîâ                      

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   62.1-2       Âûêîëû â ïîäîøâå áåç âèäèìûõ äåôåêòîâ    │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê   │ â èçëîìå èç-çà íåêà÷åñòâåííîé åå îáðàáîòêè │â ñòûêå 62.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                            │âíå ñòûêà 62.2│

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                         

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Âñëåäñòâèå íåðàâíîìåðíîãî îïèðàíèÿ ïîäîøâû ðåëüñà  íà ïîäêëàäêó ìîæåò│

│îáðàçîâàòüñÿ  òðåùèíà  â  ïîäîøâå è âûêîë  åå  ÷àñòè.  Ïîÿâëåíèþ  äåôåêòà│

│ñïîñîáñòâóåò íåñîîòâåòñòâèå  òèïà  ðåëüñîâ óñëîâèÿì  ýêñïëóàòàöèè, ïðåæäå│

│âñåãî ïî ñèëîâîìó íàãðóæåíèþ.                                           

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð. Äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ ñ âûêîëîì ïîäîøâû, à  òàêæå ñ òðåùèíàìè  âäîëü ïîäîøâû ÿâëÿåòñÿ│

│îñòðîäåôåêòíûì è ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ                        

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     65         Òðåùèíû è âûêîëû ïîäîøâû èç-çà óäàðîâ    │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê        è äðóãèõ ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ ïîâðåæäåíèé      │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  65     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Âñëåäñòâèå ìåõàíè÷åñêèõ  ïîâðåæäåíèé  ïîäîøâû  âîçíèêàåò êîíöåíòðàöèÿ│

│íàïðÿæåíèé, ÷òî ìîæåò  ïðèâåñòè ê  îáðàçîâàíèþ  òðåùèí â  ïîäîøâå, âûêîëó│

│÷àñòè ïîäîøâû èëè èçëîìó ðåëüñà.                                        

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ  ñ  òðåùèíîé  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì  è ïîäëåæèò  çàìåíå  áåç│

│ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                                            

    Çà   ðåëüñàìè   ñ   ìåõàíè÷åñêèìè    ïîâðåæäåíèÿìè,  íî  áåç  òðåùèí,│

│íåîáõîäèìî óñòàíîâèòü ïîñòîÿííîå íàáëþäåíèå.                            

    Ïðîèçâåñòè ïîëîãóþ çà÷èñòêó ïîâðåæäåíèé íà ïîâåðõíîñòè ðåëüñà       

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    66.3          Òðåùèíû â ïîäîøâå èç-çà íàðóøåíèé      │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê            òåõíîëîãèè ñâàðêè ðåëüñîâ             â ìåñòå   

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                              êîíòàêòíîé 

                                                            ñòûêîâîé  

                                                         │ ñâàðêè 66.3 

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Íàëè÷èå íåïðîâàðîâ, òðåùèí è äðóãèõ  äåôåêòîâ èç-çà  íàðóøåíèÿ ðåæèìà│

│ñâàðêè ìîãóò ïðèâåñòè ê îáðàçîâàíèþ ïîïåðå÷íûõ òðåùèí â ïîäîøâå.        

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈÅ ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                         

    Ðåëüñ  ñ  òðåùèíàìè  ÿâëÿåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì è  ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå  áåç│

│ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                                            

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü    â   ñîîòâåòñòâèè    ñ   ãàðàíòèéíûìè    îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè│

│ðåêëàìàöèþ ïðåäïðèÿòèþ, êîòîðîå ïðîèçâîäèëî ñâàðêó ðåëüñà               

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     69                Êîððîçèÿ ïîäîøâû ðåëüñîâ          │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê        è êîððîçèîííî-óñòàëîñòíûå òðåùèíû      │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  69     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Êîððîçèÿ  ðåëüñîâ  âîçíèêàåò  â  ðåçóëüòàòå  àòìîñôåðíîãî  âëèÿíèÿ  è│

│êîíòàêòà ñ ìàòåðèàëàìè,  àêêóìóëèðóþùèìè  âëàãó  (äåðåâÿííûìè, ðåçèíîâûìè│

│è ðåçèíîêîðäîâûìè ïðîêëàäêàìè è  êàðòî÷êàìè äëÿ âûïðàâêè  ïóòè). Íàèáîëåå│

│âåðîÿòíî ïîÿâëåíèå òàêèõ  äåôåêòîâ â  òîííåëÿõ, â  ìåñòàõ ñ ñîëîí÷àêîâûìè

│ïî÷âàìè è ñ âëàæíûì  êëèìàòîì.  Ïðè  áîëüøîé  ñåçîííîé âëàæíîñòè  íà ïóòè│

│ñ  äåðåâÿííûìè  ïðîêëàäêàìè-àìîðòèçàòîðàìè,  à  â  ìåíüøåé  ñòåïåíè  è  ñ

│ïðîêëàäêàìè èç äðóãèõ ìàòåðèàëîâ, êîððîçèÿ ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ  ìåæäó ïîäêëàäêîé è│

│ïîäîøâîé ðåëüñà, ïðè  ýòîì  ìîãóò  îáðàçîâàòüñÿ  êàâåðíû  (óãëóáëåíèÿ) íà

│ïîäîøâå ðåëüñà.                                                         

    Ïðè  ïîâûøåííûõ  äèíàìè÷åñêèõ   âîçäåéñòâèÿõ  íà  ðåëüñû   (ïåðåãðóçû│

│âàãîíîâ,   ïîëçóíû,   íàâàðû   è ò.ï.)  âîçìîæíû   ïîÿâëåíèÿ   ïîïåðå÷íûõ│

│óñòàëîñòíûõ òðåùèí â ìåñòàõ êîððîçèè ïîäîøâû ðåëüñîâ è èçëîìû ïî íèì.   

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå, âíåøíèé  îñìîòð. Â çâåíüåâîì  ïóòè ðåêîìåíäóåòñÿ│

│ïåðèîäè÷åñêè ïðîèçâîäèòü îäèíî÷íóþ ñìåíó ðåëüñîâ  äëÿ òùàòåëüíîãî îñìîòðà│

│ïîäîøâû.                                                                

      áåññòûêîâîì  ïóòè   íàëè÷èå  ïðîäóêòîâ  êîððîçèè  âûáîðî÷íî  ìîæíî│

│îáíàðóæèòü  íà   ñíÿòûõ   ïðîêëàäêàõ   èëè îñìîòðîì     ñ   çåðêàëîì   íà

│âûâåøåííîé ïëåòè.                                                       

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ïðè êîððîçèè ïîäîøâû ãëóáèíîé ó  åå êðàÿ íå áîëåå  8 ìì äëÿ òèïà Ð75,│

│7 ìì äëÿ òèïà Ð65 è 6 ìì äëÿ òèïà Ð50 è ëåã÷å  ðåëüñû ÿâëÿþòñÿ äåôåêòíûìè│

│è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå.                                   

    Ðåëüñû,  ó  êîòîðûõ  êðîìêà  ïîäîøâû  èìååò  êîððîçèþ ãëóáèíîé  áîëåå│

│óêàçàííûõ âûøå âåëè÷èí,  ÿâëÿþòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è  ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå áåç

│ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                                                             

     ñëó÷àå îáíàðóæåíèÿ ïîïåðå÷íîé òðåùèíû ðåëüñ íåîáõîäèìî çàìåíèòü áåç

│ïðîìåäëåíèÿ è ïðîâåðèòü îñòàëüíûå  ðåëüñû íà  ó÷àñòêå ïóòè ñ àíàëîãè÷íûìè

│óñëîâèÿìè ýêñïëóàòàöèè                                                   

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   70.1-2      Ïîïåðå÷íûå èçëîìû ðåëüñîâ èç-çà øëàêîâûõ  │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê   │ âêëþ÷åíèé è äðóãèõ äåôåêòîâ ìàêðîñòðóêòóðû │â ñòûêå 70.1; │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                            │âíå ñòûêà 70.2│

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                         

    Íàëè÷èå  øëàêîâûõ  èëè  äðóãèõ  ïîñòîðîííèõ âêëþ÷åíèé,  ïîïàäàþùèõ  â

│ðåëüñû ïðè èõ èçãîòîâëåíèè.                                             

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                                

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ.                               

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñà                       

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     74      │Ïîïåðå÷íûå èçëîìû ðåëüñîâ âñëåäñòâèå ïðîõîäà│ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê     êîëåñ ñ áîëüøèìè ïîëçóíàìè èëè âûáîèíàìè  │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  74     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Íåçàìå÷åííûå ïîïåðå÷íûå  òðåùèíû â ãîëîâêå,  âûçâàííûå ïðîõîäîì êîëåñ│

│ñ áîëüøèìè  ïîëçóíàìè è  âûáîèíàìè (äåô. 24),  ìîãóò  âûçâàòü  ïîïåðå÷íûé

│èçëîì âñåãî ðåëüñà.                                                     

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                             

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, äåôåêòîñêîïèðîâàíèå.                                

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ. Íåîáõîäèìî âåñòè  áîëåå ÷àñòîå

│íàáëþäåíèå çà îñòàëüíûìè ðåëüñàìè íà ó÷àñòêå, ãäå ïðîøåë ïîäâèæíîé ñîñòàâ│

│ñ íåèñïðàâíûìè êîëåñàìè, äàæå åñëè íèêàêèõ  âíåøíèõ ïðèçíàêîâ ïîâðåæäåíèÿ│

│ðåëüñîâ íå îáíàðóæåíî                                                   

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     79         Ïîïåðå÷íûå èçëîìû ðåëüñîâ áåç âèäèìûõ    │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê                 ïîðîêîâ â èçëîìå              │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  79     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                         

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                        

    Âñëåäñòâèå  ïðåâûøåíèÿ  äîïóñêàåìîé  íàãðóçêè, îñîáåííî  â  ñî÷åòàíèè│

│ñ   íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíûì   ñîñòîÿíèåì   ïóòè,   áîëüøèìè   ðàñòÿãèâàþùèìè│

│íàïðÿæåíèÿìè â áåññòûêîâûõ ðåëüñîâûõ ïëåòÿõ, à òàêæå âñëåäñòâèå õðóïêîñòè│

│è õëàäíîëîìêîñòè  ðåëüñîâîé  ñòàëè  ìîãóò  ïðîèñõîäèòü ïîïåðå÷íûå  èçëîìû│

│ðåëüñîâ áåç êàêèõ-ëèáî âèäèìûõ äåôåêòîâ.                                

    Ïðè îáíàðóæåíèè èçëîìîâ  ïðè÷èíû èõ  îáðàçîâàíèÿ  äîëæíû îïðåäåëÿòüñÿ│

│ïðè íåîáõîäèìîñòè ñ ïðîâåäåíèåì ýêñïåðòíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé.                

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñ ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå áåç ïðîìåäëåíèÿ. Ïðè óñòàíîâëåíèè  â ðåçóëüòàòå│

│ýêñïåðòíûõ  èññëåäîâàíèé   ïðè÷èíû   èçëîìà   ðåëüñà, ñâÿçàííîé   ñ   åãî

│èçãîòîâëåíèåì, ïðåäúÿâèòü â  ñîîòâåòñòâèè  ñ ãàðàíòèéíûìè îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè│

│ðåêëàìàöèþ ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîìó êîìáèíàòó - èçãîòîâèòåëþ ðåëüñà            

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     85        Èçãèáû ðåëüñîâ ïðè âûãðóçêå ñ ïîäâèæíîãî  │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê         ñîñòàâà, óäàðàõ ïî ðåëüñó è ò.ï.      │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                                  85     

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                         

    Èçãèáû ðåëüñîâ ìîãóò  îáðàçîâàòüñÿ  â ðåçóëüòàòå  íåáðåæíîé ïîãðóçêè,│

│âûãðóçêè è ïåðåâîçêè.                                                   

                                                                        

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, ïðîâåðêà èçìåðèòåëüíûìè ïðèáîðàìè.                  

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Ðåëüñû,  ëåæàùèå  â  ïóòè,  èìåþùèå  íåáîëüøèå   èçãèáû,  ìîãóò  áûòü│

│âûïðàâëåíû  íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â  ïóòè.   ïðîòèâíîì ñëó÷àå  ðåëüñû  ñëåäóåò│

│çàìåíèòü                                                                

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    86.3          Íàðóøåíèå ïðÿìîëèíåéíîñòè ðåëüñîâ,     │ Êîä äåôåêòà: │

   Ðèñóíîê              äîïóùåííîå ïðè ñâàðêå               â ìåñòå   

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                              êîíòàêòíîé 

                                                            ñòûêîâîé  

                                                         │ ñâàðêè 86.3 

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                          Ðèñóíîê íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ                         

                                                                        

                       ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                     

                                                                         

    Èñïîëüçîâàíèå   äëÿ   ñâàðêè  ðåëüñîâ  ñ   íåâûïðÿìëåííûìè   êîíöàìè,│

│íåïðàâèëüíàÿ ñòûêîâêà èëè èçãèá ðåëüñîâ â ãîðÿ÷åì ñîñòîÿíèè ïîñëå ñâàðêè.│

                                                                         

                            ÑÏÎÑÎÁ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß                            

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð, ïðîâåðêà èçìåðèòåëüíûìè ïðèáîðàìè.                  

                                                                         

                        ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ                        

                                                                        

    Èçîãíóòûå ñâàðíûå ñòûêè ñëåäóåò âûðåçàòü è ââàðèòü íîâóþ  âñòàâêó èëè│

│çàìåíèòü ðåëüñ.                                                         

    Ïðåäúÿâèòü â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ  ãàðàíòèéíûìè  îáÿçàòåëüñòâàìè ðåêëàìàöèþ│

│ïðåäïðèÿòèþ, êîòîðîå ïðîèçâîäèëî ñâàðêó ðåëüñà                           

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  99.1-2-3        Äðóãèå, êðîìå ïåðå÷èñëåííûõ âûøå,     │ Êîä äåôåêòà: 

                    äåôåêòû è ïîâðåæäåíèÿ ðåëüñîâ       │â ñòûêå 99.1; 

                                                        │âíå ñòûêà 99.2;│

                                                          â ñâàðíîì   

                                                          ñòûêå 99.3  

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    Ê   ýòîìó   âèäó   îòíîñÿòñÿ   ïîâðåæäåíèÿ  è   èçëîìû   ðåëüñîâ,  íå│

│ïåðå÷èñëåííûå âûøå, ÿâèâøèåñÿ ïðè÷èíîé èçúÿòèÿ ðåëüñîâ èç ïóòè          

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Ìåãàáèáëèîòåêà ïî îõðàíå òðóäà è òåõíèêå áåçîïàñíîñòè. // Íåêîììåð÷åñêèé ïðîåêò äëÿ èíæåíåðîâ ïî îõðàíå òðóäà. //

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