Ïîèñê ïî áàçå äîêóìåíòîâ:

 

Óòâåðæäåí

Ìèíèñòåðñòâîì ïóòåé ñîîáùåíèÿ

Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè

27 ÿíâàðÿ 1996 ãîäà

 

ÊÀÒÀËÎÃ

ÄÅÔÅÊÒÎÂ È ÏÎÂÐÅÆÄÅÍÈÉ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒΠÑÒÐÅËÎ×ÍÛÕ ÏÅÐÅÂÎÄÎÂ

 

ÄÎÏÎËÍÅÍÈÅ Ê ÍÒÄ/ÖÏ-2-93

 

Êàòàëîã äåôåêòîâ è ïîâðåæäåíèé ýëåìåíòîâ ñòðåëî÷íûõ ïåðåâîäîâ ÿâëÿåòñÿ äîïîëíåíèåì ê ÍÒÄ/ÖÏ-2-93 è ñîäåðæèò ìàòåðèàëû ïî òåì ñïåöèôè÷åñêèì äåôåêòàì ýëåìåíòîâ, êîòîðûå ïîìåùåíû â êëàññèôèêàöèè äåôåêòîâ (äîïîëíåíèå ê ÍÒÄ/ÖÏ-1-93).

Ïðè îñòàëüíûõ äåôåêòàõ, íå îòëè÷àþùèõñÿ îò äåôåêòîâ, ïîìåùåííûõ â êëàññèôèêàöèè ÍÒÄ/ÖÏ-1-93, íåîáõîäèìî ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ êàòàëîãîì ÍÒÄ/ÖÏ-2-93.

Êàòàëîã ïðåäíàçíà÷åí äëÿ ïðàâèëüíîãî îïðåäåëåíèÿ âèäà ñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ äåôåêòîâ è ïîâðåæäåíèé ýëåìåíòîâ ñòðåëî÷íûõ ïåðåâîäîâ â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ êëàññèôèêàöèåé (ñì. äîïîëíåíèå ê ÍÒÄ/ÖÏ-1-93).

 êàòàëîãå äëÿ êàæäîãî âèäà ñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ äåôåêòîâ è ïîâðåæäåíèé ýëåìåíòîâ ñòðåëî÷íûõ ïåðåâîäîâ ïðèâåäåíû èõ êðàòêîå îïèñàíèå (íàèìåíîâàíèå), öèôðîâîå îáîçíà÷åíèå äåôåêòîâ è ïîâðåæäåíèé, äàíû èõ ôîòîãðàôè÷åñêèå èçîáðàæåíèÿ (íå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ), êðàòêîå îïèñàíèå ïðè÷èí ïîÿâëåíèÿ è ðàçâèòèÿ, ñïîñîáû âûÿâëåíèÿ è óêàçàíèÿ ïî ýêñïëóàòàöèè ïîâðåæäåííûõ ýëåìåíòîâ â çàâèñèìîñòè îò êàòåãîðèé ïóòåé, óñòàíîâëåííûõ Ïðèêàçîì ÌÏÑ N 12Ö îò 16.08.94 (ñì. òàáëèöó).

 

Òàáëèöà

 

ÊÀÒÅÃÎÐÈÈ ÏÓÒÅÉ Â ÇÀÂÈÑÈÌÎÑÒÈ ÎÒ ÈÕ ÂÈÄÀ

È ÑÊÎÐÎÑÒÅÉ ÄÂÈÆÅÍÈß ÏÎÅÇÄÎÂ (ÏÎ ÏÐÈÊÀÇÓ ÌÏÑ N 12Ö)

 

  Âèäû  
  ïóòåé 

 Ãëàâíûå ïóòè ïðè ñêîðîñòè äâèæåíèÿ ïî íèì,
    êì/÷ (â ÷èñëèòåëå - ïàññàæèðñêèõ, â    
       çíàìåíàòåëå - ãðóçîâûõ ïîåçäîâ      

Ãëàâíûå ïðè
ñêîðîñòè   
äâèæåíèÿ ïî
íèì 40 êì/÷
è ìåíåå è  
ïðèåìîîòïðà-
âî÷íûå ïóòè

Ñòàíöè-
îííûå, 
ïîäúåçä-
íûå è  
ïðî÷èå 
ïóòè   

121 - 140

101 - 120

81 - 100

61 - 80

41 - 60

  > 80  

  > 70  

  > 60 

 > 50 

 > 40 

Êàòåãîðèÿ
  ïóòåé 

    1   

    2   

   3   

   4  

   5  

     6     

   7   

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê      Âûêðàøèâàíèå ãðåáíåîáðàçíîãî íàïëûâà â   │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│   ñòîðîíó ðàìíîãî ðåëüñà â ëîíå áîêîâîé    │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                 ñòðîæêè îñòðÿêà èç-çà íåäîñòàòî÷íîé       âíå ñòûêà  

               êîíòàêòíî-óñòàëîñòíîé ïðî÷íîñòè ìåòàëëà      ÄÎ.11.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Ãðåáíåîáðàçíûé íàïëûâ, îáðàçóþùèéñÿ íà îñòðÿêå â çîíå áîêîâîé ñòðîæêè│

│èç-çà íåäîñòàòî÷íîé   ïðî÷íîñòè   ìåòàëëà,   âûêðàøèâàåòñÿ  ïðè  âçàèìíûõ

ïåðåìåùåíèÿõ îñòðÿêà è  ðàìíîãî  ðåëüñà ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì êîëåñ ïîäâèæíîãî│

│ñîñòàâà ïðè íåñâîåâðåìåííîì åãî óäàëåíèè øëèôîâàíèåì.                   

                                                                         

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                    ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÎÑÒÐßÊΠ                  

                                                                        

     çàâèñèìîñòè îò êàòåãîðèè ïóòè è õàðàêòåðà äåôåêòà îñòðÿêè ñ÷èòàþòñÿ│

│îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè (ÎÄ), äåôåêòíûìè (Ä) èëè òðåáóþùèìè óñèëåííîãî íàáëþäåíèÿ│

│(ÓÍ).   Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå   îñòðÿêè   ïîäëåæàò   íåìåäëåííîé   çàìåíå.   Ïðè│

│íåâîçìîæíîñòè  çàìåíû  îñòðÿêà  ïî  ñòðåëî÷íîìó  ïåðåâîäó  îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ│

│ñêîðîñòè äâèæåíèÿ ïîåçäîâ äî ñêîðîñòåé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè,│

ïðè  êîòîðîé  îñòðÿê  íå  ñ÷èòàåòñÿ   îñòðîäåôåêòíûì.   Íàïëûâ   è   çîíà│

│âûêðàøèâàíèÿ çàøëèôîâûâàþòñÿ, è îñòðÿêè  ïðîäîëæàþò  ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ äî

│ïëàíîâîé  çàìåíû  ïîä  óñèëåííûì  íàáëþäåíèåì.    îñòàëüíûõ  ñëó÷àÿõ  çà

│îñòðÿêàìè  óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ  óñèëåííîå  íàáëþäåíèå,   è   îíè   ïðîäîëæàþò│

│ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ áåç âûïîëíåíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò                   

├────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

│âûêðàøèâàíèÿ, ìì│   1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

├────────────────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┼───────┴────────┤

│Îò 1 äî 3       │Ä                                      │ÓÍ             

├────────────────┤                                       └───────┐       

│Îò 3,1 äî 5                                                           

├────────────────┼───────────────┐                               └────────┤

│Îò 5,1 äî 8     │ÎÄ                                                    

├────────────────┤               └───────────────┐                       

│Îò 8,1 äî 12                                                          

├────────────────┤                               └───────────────┐       

│Áîëåå 12                                                               

└────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────────────────┴────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │ Âûêðàøèâàíèå îñòðÿêîâ îò îñòðèÿ äî ïåðâîé  │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ ñòðåëî÷íîé òÿãè èç-çà óñèëåííîãî áîêîâîãî  │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                âîçäåéñòâèÿ êîëåñ. Âûêðàøèâàíèå îñòðèÿ     âíå ñòûêà  

                        ïîäâèæíîãî ñåðäå÷íèêà               ÄÎ.14.2   

                                                            ÄÑÍ.14.2  

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèÿ íå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Ïðè èíòåíñèâíîì áîêîâîì  âîçäåéñòâèè  òîíêàÿ  ÷àñòü  ãîëîâêè ýëåìåíòà│

│âáëèçè åãî îñòðèÿ  ïîäâåðãàåòñÿ  óñèëåííîìó  èçíîñó è çàòåì âûêðàøèâàíèþ.│

│Òàêîå  ÿâëåíèå íàáëþäàåòñÿ íà êðèâîëèíåéíûõ îñòðÿêàõ ñòðåëî÷íûõ ïåðåâîäîâ│

│ñ èíòåíñèâíûì äâèæåíèåì íà  áîêîâîé  ïóòü  è  íà  ïðÿìîëèíåéíûõ  îñòðÿêàõ│

│ñòðåëî÷íûõ   ïåðåâîäîâ,   ýêñïëóàòèðóþùèõñÿ   â   êðèâûõ.    Âûêðàøèâàíèþ│

│ñïîñîáñòâóåò íåïëîòíîå ïðèëåãàíèå  îñòðèÿ  îñòðÿêà  ê  ðàìíîìó  ðåëüñó  è│

│ïîäâèæíîãî ñåðäå÷íèêà ê óñîâèêó.                                        

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                         

             ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÎÑÒÐßÊÎÂ È ÑÅÐÄÅ×ÍÈÊΠ           

                                                                        

      çàâèñèìîñòè  îò  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè  è  õàðàêòåðà  äåôåêòà   ýëåìåíòû│

│ñ÷èòàþòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè  (ÎÄ)  èëè  äåôåêòíûìè   (Ä).   Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå│

│ýëåìåíòû ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå. Ïðè íåâîçìîæíîñòè  çàìåíû  ýëåìåíòà│

│ïî  ñòðåëî÷íîìó  ïåðåâîäó  îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ  ñêîðîñòè  äâèæåíèÿ ïîåçäîâ  äî

│ñêîðîñòåé,   ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè,  ïðè  êîòîðîé  ýëåìåíò  íå│

│ñ÷èòàåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûì. Äåôåêòíûå ýëåìåíòû çàøëèôîâûâàþòñÿ ñ  ïðîâåðêîé│

│øàáëîíîì ÊÎР è  ïðîäîëæàþò  ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ  äî  ïëàíîâîé  çàìåíû  ïîä

│óñèëåííûì íàáëþäåíèåì                                                    

├────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

  âûêðàøèâàíèÿ     1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

│ áîëåå 3 ìì íà                                                   

   äëèíå, ìì                                                     

├────────────────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴────────┤

│Äî 200          │Ä                                                      

├────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────┐               

│Áîëåå 200       │ÎÄ                                                    

├────────────────┤                                       └───────┐       

│Áîëåå 300                                                             

├────────────────┤                                               └────────┤

│Áîëåå 400                                                              

└────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │Òðåùèíû â ãîëîâêå è èçëîìû èç-çà íèõ â çîíå │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│             âûïðåññîâêè êîðíÿ              │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                                                           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÎ.20.2   

                                                            ÄÑÍ.20.2  

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

     çîíå  âûïðåññîâêè  îñòðÿêîâ  è  ïîäâèæíûõ  ñåðäå÷íèêîâ  â  ïðîöåññå│

│èçãîòîâëåíèÿ âîçíèêàþò ñòðóêòóðíûå  èçìåíåíèÿ  ìåòàëëà,  êîòîðûå âûçûâàþò│

│îáðàçîâàíèå êîðîòêîé ñåäëîîáðàçíîé  íåðîâíîñòè  â  óñëîâèÿõ ýêñïëóàòàöèè.│

│Óäàðíûå äèíàìè÷åñêèå âîçäåéñòâèÿ  êîëåñ  ïîäâèæíîãî  ñîñòàâà  â çîíå ýòîé│

│íåðîâíîñòè ïðèâîäÿò ê  îáðàçîâàíèþ  òðåùèí,  ðàçâèâàþùèõñÿ  ñ ïîâåðõíîñòè│

│ãîëîâêè ýëåìåíòà.                                                       

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð è ïðîâåðêà äåôåêòîñêîïàìè.                           

                                                                         

             ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÎÑÒÐßÊÎÂ È ÑÅÐÄÅ×ÍÈÊΠ           

                                                                        

    Ýëåìåíòû  ñ  òðåùèíàìè  ëþáîé  âåëè÷èíû  ñ÷èòàþòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è│

│äîëæíû áûòü íåìåäëåííî çàìåíåíû                                         

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │Ñåäëîâèíû â çîíå âûïðåññîâêè èç-çà èçìåíåíèÿ│Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│    ñòðóêòóðû ìåòàëëà ïðè åå âûïîëíåíèè     │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                                                           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÎ.41.2   

                                                            ÄÑÍ.41.2  

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Ïðè âûïðåññîâêå êîðíÿ  îñòðÿêà  è  ïîäâèæíîãî  ñåðäå÷íèêà ïîä ïðîôèëü│

│ïóòåâîãî ðåëüñà èç-çà íàãðåâà â ìåòàëëå ïðîèñõîäÿò ñòðóêòóðíûå èçìåíåíèÿ,│

│ñíèæàåòñÿ òâåðäîñòü åãî  íà ãðàíèöå çîíû, ïîäâåðãàâøåéñÿ íàãðåâó, è çîíû,│

│êîòîðàÿ  ïðè  âûïðåññîâêå  íå íàãðåâàëàñü.  ýêñïëóàòàöèè íà ãðàíèöå ýòèõ│

│çîí  îáðàçóåòñÿ  êîðîòêàÿ   íåðîâíîñòü,   êîòîðàÿ   îñîáåííî   èíòåíñèâíî│

│ðàçâèâàåòñÿ ó íåçàêàëåííûõ ýëåìåíòîâ.                                   

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                         

             ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÎÑÒÐßÊÎÂ È ÑÅÐÄÅ×ÍÈÊΠ           

                                                                        

       çàâèñèìîñòè  îò  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè  è  õàðàêòåðà  äåôåêòà  ýëåìåíòû│

│ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè (ÎÄ), äåôåêòíûìè (Ä) èëè  òðåáóþùèìè óñèëåííîãî

│íàáëþäåíèÿ (ÓÍ). Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå ýëåìåíòû ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå. Ïðè│

│íåâîçìîæíîñòè  çàìåíû  ýëåìåíòà  ïî  ñòðåëî÷íîìó ïåðåâîäó  îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ│

│ñêîðîñòè  äâèæåíèÿ  ïîåçäîâ äî ñêîðîñòåé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ êàòåãîðèè ïóòè,│

ïðè  êîòîðîé  ýëåìåíò  íå  ñ÷èòàåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì. Äåôåêòíûå  ýëåìåíòû│

│ïðîäîëæàþò   ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ   äî   ïëàíîâîé   çàìåíû   ïîä   óñèëåííûì

│íàáëþäåíèåì.   îñòàëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ çà ýëåìåíòàìè óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ óñèëåííîå

│íàáëþäåíèå, è îíè ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ                          

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    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

  ñåäëîâèíû íà     1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

│ äëèíå 1 ì, ìì                                                   

├────────────────┼───────┴───────┴───────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴────────┤

│Îò 1,5 äî 2     │Ä                      │ÓÍ                             

├────────────────┼───────┐               └───────┐                       

│Îò 2,1 äî 3     │ÎÄ                                                    

├────────────────┤       └───────┐               └───────┐               

│Îò 3,1 äî 4                                                          

├────────────────┤               └───────┐               └───────┐       

│Îò 4,1 äî 6                                                          

├────────────────┤                       └───────────────┐       └────────┤

│Îò 6,1 äî 10                                                          

├────────────────┤                                       └────────────────┤

│Áîëåå 10                                                               

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┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │Ñåäëîâèíû íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàíèÿ îñòðÿêà îò │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│  ïåðâîé òÿãè äî ñå÷åíèÿ 50 ìì âñëåäñòâèå   │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                   çàâûøåíèÿ åãî íàä ðàìíûì ðåëüñîì        âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÎ.42.2   

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                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Äåôåêòû ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ âñëåäñòâèå  çàâûøåíèÿ  îñòðÿêà íàä ðàìíûì ðåëüñîì,│

êîòîðîå âîçíèêàåò ïðè  èçãîòîâëåíèè ñòðåëêè, à òàêæå ïðè îäèíî÷íîé çàìåíå│

│îñòðÿêîâ íà ýêñïëóàòèðóþùèõñÿ ïåðåâîäàõ.  ðåçóëüòàòå çàâûøåíèÿ íà òîíêèå│

│ñå÷åíèÿ îñòðÿêà ïåðåäàåòñÿ  çíà÷èòåëüíàÿ  ÷àñòü  íàãðóçêè  îò  êîëåñ, ÷òî│

│ïðèâîäèò ê ïåðåãðóçêå ýòîé çîíû è îáðàçîâàíèþ ñåäëîîáðàçíîé íåðîâíîñòè. 

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                    ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÎÑÒÐßÊΠ                  

                                                                         

     çàâèñèìîñòè îò êàòåãîðèè ïóòè è õàðàêòåðà äåôåêòà îñòðÿêè ñ÷èòàþòñÿ│

│îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè (ÎÄ), äåôåêòíûìè (Ä) èëè òðåáóþùèìè óñèëåííîãî íàáëþäåíèÿ│

│(ÓÍ).   Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå   îñòðÿêè   ïîäëåæàò   íåìåäëåííîé   çàìåíå.   Ïðè│

│íåâîçìîæíîñòè  çàìåíû  îñòðÿêà  ïî  ñòðåëî÷íîìó  ïåðåâîäó  îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ│

│ñêîðîñòè  äâèæåíèÿ  ïîåçäîâ äî ñêîðîñòåé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ êàòåãîðèè ïóòè,│

ïðè  êîòîðîé  îñòðÿê  íå  ñ÷èòàåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì.  Äåôåêòíûå   îñòðÿêè

│çàøëèôîâûâàþòñÿ  è  ïðîäîëæàþò   ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ.   Ïðè   íåâîçìîæíîñòè│

│ïîëíîñòüþ âûøëèôîâàòü íåðîâíîñòü  îñòðÿêè  ïîäëåæàò  ïëàíîâîé  çàìåíå.  Â│

│îñòàëüíûõ  ñëó÷àÿõ  çà  îñòðÿêàìè óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ óñèëåííîå íàáëþäåíèå, è│

│îíè ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ áåç äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò               

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    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

│ ñåäëîâèíû, ìì     1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

├────────────────┼───────┴───────┴───────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴────────┤

│Îò 1 äî 3       │Ä                      │ÓÍ                              

├────────────────┼───────┐               └───────────────┐               

│Îò 3,1 äî 5     │ÎÄ                                                   

├────────────────┤       └───────────────┐               └───────┐       

│Îò 5,1 äî 7                                                          

├────────────────┤                       └───────────────┐       └────────┤

│Îò 7,1 äî 10                                                          

├────────────────┤                                       └───────┐       

│Áîëåå 10                                                              

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   Ðèñóíîê   │Òðåùèíû â ïîäîøâå è èçëîìû èç-çà íèõ â çîíå │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                âûïðåññîâêè                 │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                                                           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÎ.60.2   

                                                            ÄÑÍ.60.2  

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                       Èçîáðàæåíèÿ íå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ.                        

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

     çîíå âûïðåññîâêè  â  ïðîöåññå  èçãîòîâëåíèÿ  âîçíèêàþò  ñòðóêòóðíûå│

│èçìåíåíèÿ ìåòàëëà îñòðÿêîâ  è  ïîäâèæíûõ  ñåðäå÷íèêîâ,  êîòîðûå  âûçûâàþò│

│îáðàçîâàíèå êîðîòêîé ñåäëîîáðàçíîé  íåðîâíîñòè  â  óñëîâèÿõ ýêñïëóàòàöèè.│

│Óäàðíûå äèíàìè÷åñêèå âîçäåéñòâèÿ  êîëåñ  ïîäâèæíîãî  ñîñòàâà  â çîíå ýòîé│

│íåðîâíîñòè ïðèâîäÿò ê  îáðàçîâàíèþ  òðåùèí,  ðàçâèâàþùèõñÿ  ñíèçó ïîäîøâû│

│ýëåìåíòà.                                                               

                                                                         

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð è ïðîâåðêà äåôåêòîñêîïàìè.                           

                                                                         

             ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÎÑÒÐßÊÎÂ È ÑÅÐÄÅ×ÍÈÊΠ           

                                                                        

    Ýëåìåíòû  ñ  òðåùèíàìè  ëþáîé  âåëè÷èíû  ñ÷èòàþòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è│

│äîëæíû áûòü íåìåäëåííî çàìåíåíû                                         

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   Ðèñóíîê   │Ìåñòíûé èçíîñ ïîäîøâû îñòðÿêà, ñåðäå÷íèêà â │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│  çîíå îïèðàíèÿ íà ïîäóøêè ïîäêëàäîê èç-çà  │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                   íåäîñòàòî÷íîé ïðî÷íîñòè ìåòàëëà         âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÎ.61.2   

                                                            ÄÑÍ.61.2  

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                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                         

     ïðîöåññå ýêñïëóàòàöèè  ïîä  âîçäåéñòâèåì ñèë, ïåðåäàâàåìûõ îò êîëåñ│

│ïîäâèæíîãî ñîñòàâà, ïðîèñõîäèò  ïåðåìåùåíèå  ïîäîøâû  îñòðÿêà, ñåðäå÷íèêà│

│âäîëü  ïîäóøåê.  ðåçóëüòàòå âçàèìíîãî òðåíèÿ ýòèõ ýëåìåíòîâ âîçíèêàåò èõ│

│ìåñòíûé èçíîñ.   Ýòîìó   ñïîñîáñòâóåò   íåïðèëåãàíèå   ïîäîøâû  îñòðÿêîâ,│

│ñåðäå÷íèêîâ ê ïîäóøêàì, à òàêæå ïîïàäàíèå íà èõ ïîâåðõíîñòè çàñîðèòåëåé. │

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

             ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÎÑÒÐßÊÎÂ È ÑÅÐÄÅ×ÍÈÊΠ           

                                                                        

     çàâèñèìîñòè îò  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè  è  õàðàêòåðà  äåôåêòà ïîâðåæäåííûå│

│ýëåìåíòû ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè  (ÎÄ),  äåôåêòíûìè  (Ä) èëè òðåáóþùèìè│

│óñèëåííîãî íàáëþäåíèÿ (ÓÍ).  Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå ýëåìåíòû ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé

│çàìåíå. Ïðè   íåâîçìîæíîñòè   çàìåíû  ýëåìåíòà  ïî  ñòðåëî÷íîìó  ïåðåâîäó│

│îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ ñêîðîñòè äâèæåíèÿ  ïîåçäîâ  äî  ñêîðîñòåé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ│

│êàòåãîðèè   ïóòè,   ïðè   êîòîðîé ýëåìåíò  íå  ñ÷èòàåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûì.│

│Äåôåêòíûå  ýëåìåíòû  ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ  äî ïëàíîâîé çàìåíû ïîä

│óñèëåííûì íàáëþäåíèåì.   îñòàëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ çà ýëåìåíòàìè óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ│

│óñèëåííîå íàáëþäåíèå, è îíè ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ  áåç  âûïîëíåíèÿ│

│äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò                                                    

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    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│ äåôåêòà: èçíîñ ├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

  ïîäîøâû, ìì      1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

├────────────────┼───────┴───────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴────────┤

│Îò 1 äî 2       │Ä              │ÓÍ                                     

├────────────────┤               └───────────────────────┐               

│Îò 2,1 äî 3                                                           

├────────────────┼───────────────────────┐               └────────────────┤

│Îò 3,1 äî 5     │ÎÄ                                                    

├────────────────┤                       └────────────────────────────────┤

│Áîëåå 5                                                                 

└────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê     Òðåùèíû è èçëîìû îñòðÿêîâ, ñåðäå÷íèêîâ,   │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│  ðàçâèâàþùèåñÿ ñ ïîäîøâû â ìåñòàõ îñòðûõ   │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

             │êðîìîê è íàäðûâîâ ìåòàëëà îò áîêîâîé ñòðîæêè│  âíå ñòûêà  

                               ïîäîøâû                      ÄÎ.65.2   

                                                            ÄÑÍ.65.2  

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                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Äåôåêò çàðîæäàåòñÿ â  ìåñòàõ  ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ  êîíöåíòðàòîðîâ íàïðÿæåíèé│

│(îñòðûå êðîìêè, çàóñåíöû, íàäðûâû ìåòàëëà), âîçíèêàþùèõ, êàê ïðàâèëî, ïðè│

│áîêîâîé  ñòðîæêå  ïîäîøâû  ýëåìåíòà  â  ïðîöåññå  èçãîòîâëåíèÿ  ëèáî  êàê│

│ðåçóëüòàò  ðàçâèòèÿ  äåôåêòîâ  ÄÎ.61.2  èëè  ÄÑÍ.61.2.  Ðàçâèòèþ   òðåùèí│

│ñïîñîáñòâóåò  âûñîêèé  óðîâåíü  èçãèáíûõ  ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûõ  íàïðÿæåíèé  â

│íàðóæíîé êðîìêå îñòðÿêîâ è ñåðäå÷íèêîâ.                                 

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                      

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

             ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÎÑÒÐßÊÎÂ È ÑÅÐÄÅ×ÍÈÊΠ           

                                                                        

    Ýëåìåíòû ñ òðåùèíàìè ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå êàê îñòðîäåôåêòíûå 

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │ Íåïðèëåãàíèå îñòðÿêîâ ê ðàìíîìó ðåëüñó, à  │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ òàêæå îñòðÿêîâ èëè ïîäâèæíûõ ñåðäå÷íèêîâ ê │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                ïîäóøêàì ïîäêëàäîê èç-çà ñàìîðàçãèáà,    │â ëþáîì ìåñòå │

                âåðòèêàëüíîãî âûãèáà è ïðîïåëëåðíîñòè        ÄÎ.80    

                                                             ÄÑÍ.80   

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                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

     ðåçóëüòàòå  ïðàâêè  îñòðÿêîâûõ  ðåëüñîâ íà ìåòàëëóðãè÷åñêîì çàâîäå,│

│èçãèáîâ,  ñòðîæêè  è   çàêàëêè  îñòðÿêîâ  è  ñåðäå÷íèêîâ  â  ïðîöåññå  èõ│

│èçãîòîâëåíèÿ íà ñòðåëî÷íîì çàâîäå â íèõ âîçíèêàþò âíóòðåííèå  íàïðÿæåíèÿ.│

│Ïîä äåéñòâèåì ýòèõ íàïðÿæåíèé äî óêëàäêè â ïóòü è â ïðîöåññå ýêñïëóàòàöèè│

│ïðîèñõîäèò èñêàæåíèå ãåîìåòðè÷åñêèõ î÷åðòàíèé ýëåìåíòîâ, ïðèâîäÿùåå ê  èõ│

│íåïðèëåãàíèþ   ê   ðàìíûì   ðåëüñàì   è   ïîäóøêàì  ïîäêëàäîê.  Èñêàæåíèå│

│ãåîìåòðè÷åñêîé ôîðìû îñòðÿêîâ è ñåðäå÷íèêîâ  ìîæåò  âîçíèêàòü  òàêæå  ïðè

âçðåçå ñòðåëîê è êðåñòîâèí ñ íåïðåðûâíîé  ïîâåðõíîñòüþ  êàòàíèÿ,  à òàêæå│

│âñëåäñòâèå íåïðàâèëüíîé âûïðåññîâêè êîðíåâîé ÷àñòè îñòðÿêîâ è ñåðäå÷íèêîâ│

│íà ñòðåëî÷íûõ çàâîäàõ.                                                  

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

             ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÎÑÒÐßÊÎÂ È ÑÅÐÄÅ×ÍÈÊΠ           

                                                                        

    Äåôåêòíûå  ýëåìåíòû   ïîäâåðãàþòñÿ  ïðàâêå   ïðåññàìè   èëè   äðóãèìè│

│ïðèñïîñîáëåíèÿìè.      ñëó÷àå   íåâîçìîæíîñòè   ïðàâêè   ïðè   âåëè÷èíàõ│

│íåïðèëåãàíèé ýëåìåíòîâ ê ðàìíûì ðåëüñàì è ïîäóøêàì, ïðåâûøàþùèõ  ðàçìåðû,│

│óñòàíîâëåííûå  Èíñòðóêöèåé ïî òåêóùåìó ñîäåðæàíèþ æåëåçíîäîðîæíîãî  ïóòè,│

│ýëåìåíòû ñ÷èòàþòñÿ äåôåêòíûìè è ïîäëåæàò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå      

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê      Âûêðàøèâàíèå ìåòàëëà ðàìíîãî ðåëüñà ïî   │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│áîêîâîé âûêðóæêå â çîíå ïðèëåãàíèÿ îñòðÿêîâ │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

             │ èç-çà íåäîñòàòî÷íîé êîíòàêòíî-óñòàëîñòíîé    âíå ñòûêà  

                          ïðî÷íîñòè ìåòàëëà                 ÄÐ.11.2   

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                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                         

    Èç-çà    íåäîñòàòî÷íîé    êîíòàêòíî-óñòàëîñòíîé   ïðî÷íîñòè   ìåòàëëà│

│îáðàçóåòñÿ ãðåáíåîáðàçíûé íàïëûâ íà áîêîâîé âûêðóæêå, ê êîòîðîé ïðèëåãàåò│

│îñòðÿê.   Ïðè   âçàèìíûõ   ïåðåìåùåíèÿõ  îñòðÿêà  è  ðàìíîãî  ðåëüñà  ïîä

│âîçäåéñòâèåì êîëåñ ïîäâèæíîãî ñîñòàâà è  íåñâîåâðåìåííîì øëèôîâàíèè ýòîãî│

│íàïëûâà ïðîèñõîäèò îòðûâ åãî  ñ  âûêðàøèâàíèåì  ìåòàëëà  ãîëîâêè  ðàìíîãî│

│ðåëüñà ïî âûêðóæêå, êîòîðîå ìîæåò ðàñïðîñòðàíÿòüñÿ âãëóáü ãîëîâêè.      

                                                                         

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                      

                                                                        

                 ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÐÀÌÍÛÕ ÐÅËÜÑΠ               

                                                                         

    Â çàâèñèìîñòè îò  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè  è  õàðàêòåðà äåôåêòà ðàìíûå ðåëüñû│

│ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè (ÎÄ), äåôåêòíûìè (Ä)  èëè òðåáóþùèìè óñèëåííîãî

│íàáëþäåíèÿ (ÓÍ). Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå  ðåëüñû  ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå. Ïðè│

│íåâîçìîæíîñòè  çàìåíû  ðåëüñà  ïî  ñòðåëî÷íîìó  ïåðåâîäó   îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ│

│ñêîðîñòè äâèæåíèÿ  ïîåçäîâ äî ñêîðîñòåé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè,│

ïðè êîòîðîé ðåëüñ íå ñ÷èòàåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûì. Íàïëûâ è çîíà âûêðàøèâàíèÿ│

│çàøëèôîâûâàþòñÿ, è  ýëåìåíòû  ïðîäîëæàþò  ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ  äî  ïëàíîâîé

│çàìåíû  ïîä  óñèëåííûì  íàáëþäåíèåì.    îñòàëüíûõ  ñëó÷àÿõ  çà  ðåëüñàìè│

│óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ óñèëåííîå  íàáëþäåíèå, è îíè ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ│

│áåç âûïîëíåíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò                                      

├────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

│âûêðàøèâàíèÿ, ìì│   1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

├────────────────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┼───────┴───────┴────────┤

│Îò 2 äî 3       │Ä                              │ÓÍ                     

├────────────────┤                               └───────┐               

│Îò 3,1 äî 5                                                           

├────────────────┼───────────────┐                       └───────┐       

│Îò 5,1 äî 8     │ÎÄ                                                   

├────────────────┤               └───────────────┐               └────────┤

│Îò 8,1 äî 12                                                          

├────────────────┤                               └────────────────────────┤

│Áîëåå 12                                                                

└────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû è âûêðàøèâàíèÿ (íàñå÷êè) │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│  íà ãîëîâêå â çîíå ïåðåêàòûâàíèÿ êîëåñ ñ   │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

             │ îñòðÿêà íà ðàìíûé ðåëüñ è ñ ñåðäå÷íèêà íà    âíå ñòûêà  

                      óñîâèê èç-çà íåäîñòàòî÷íîé            ÄÐ.21.2   

               êîíòàêòíî-óñòàëîñòíîé ïðî÷íîñòè ìåòàëëà      ÄÓÍ.21.2  

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Ïðè  ïåðåêàòûâàíèè  êîëåñ  ïîäâèæíîãî  ñîñòàâà, èìåþùèõ ñåäëîîáðàçíûé

│èçíîñ  îáîäà,  ñ  îñòðÿêà  íà  ðàìíûé  ðåëüñ  è ñ ñåðäå÷íèêà êðåñòîâèíû ñ

│íåïðåðûâíîé ïîâåðõíîñòüþ êàòàíèÿ íà åå óñîâèê, ñîçäàþòñÿ áîëüøèå äàâëåíèÿ│

│íà ïîâåðõíîñòü êàòàíèÿ  ãîëîâêè  ðàìíîãî  ðåëüñà  è  óñîâèêà.  Âñëåäñòâèå│

│íåäîñòàòî÷íîé   êîíòàêòíî-óñòàëîñòíîé   ïðî÷íîñòè    ìåòàëëà    âîçíèêàþò│

│ïîâåðõíîñòíûå ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû è âûêðàøèâàíèÿ. Íà áîêîâûå ðàáî÷èå ãðàíè│

│ýòè òðåùèíû è âûêðàøèâàíèÿ îáû÷íî íå âûõîäÿò.                           

                                                                         

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð è ïðîâåðêà äåôåêòîñêîïàìè.                            

                                                                        

           ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÐÀÌÍÛÕ ÐÅËÜÑÎÂ È ÓÑÎÂÈÊΠ          

                                                                        

    Ðàìíûå ðåëüñû è  óñîâèêè òùàòåëüíî îñìàòðèâàþòñÿ. Ïðè âûõîäå òðåùèí è│

│âûêðàøèâàíèé íà áîêîâóþ ãðàíü ýëåìåíò ñ÷èòàåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûì è ïîäëåæèò│

│íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå. Ïðè  íàëè÷èè  íà ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàíèÿ âûêðàøèâàíèé, íå│

│âûõîäÿùèõ  íà  áîêîâóþ  ãðàíü,  íî  èìåþùèõ  ãëóáèíó  áîëåå 1 ìì, ýëåìåíò│

│ñ÷èòàåòñÿ äåôåêòíûì è äîëæåí çàìåíÿòüñÿ â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå              

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

  Ðèñóíîê   │ Òðåùèíû è èçëîìû óñîâèêîâ, ðàçâèâàþùèåñÿ ñ │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ ïîäîøâû â ìåñòàõ îñòðûõ êðîìîê è íàäðûâîâ  │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                 ìåòàëëà îò áîêîâîé îáðàáîòêè ïîäîøâû      âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÓÍ.65.2  

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                        Èçîáðàæåíèÿ íå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ.                      

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Ïðè ôðåçåðîâêå ïîäîøâû óñîâèêîâ â ïðîöåññå èõ èçãîòîâëåíèÿ îáðàçóþòñÿ│

│îñòðûå êðîìêè è íàäðûâû ìåòàëëà, îò êîòîðûõ â ïðîöåññå ýêñïëóàòàöèè ìîãóò│

│ðàçâèâàòüñÿ óñòàëîñòíûå òðåùèíû,  ïðèâîäÿùèå â îòäåëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ ê èçëîìó│

│óñîâèêà.                                                                

                                                                         

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                      

                                                                        

                    ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÓÑÎÂÈÊΠ                  

                                                                        

    Óñîâèêè ñ òðåùèíàìè  ïîäîøâû  ñ÷èòàþòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè  è  ïîäëåæàò│

│íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå                                                      

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┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê     Îòêîë ìåòàëëà ãîëîâêè â õâîñòîâîì òîðöå   │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ ñåðäå÷íèêà èç-çà äåôåêòîâ ëèòüÿ (ðàêîâèíû, │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                             ïîðû è ò.ï.)                   â ñòûêå    

                                                            ÄÑ.10.1   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

     ïðîöåññå   ýêñïëóàòàöèè  èç-çà  íàëè÷èÿ  â  ìåòàëëå  ðàêîâèí,  ïîð,│

│íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ  âêëþ÷åíèé  è  ò.ï.  âîçíèêàþò îòêîëû ìåòàëëà â õâîñòîâîì

òîðöå   ñåðäå÷íèêà.   Èõ   ðàçâèòèþ   ñïîñîáñòâóåò    óäàðíî-äèíàìè÷åñêîå

│âîçäåéñòâèå êîëåñ íà ñåðäå÷íèê â çîíå õâîñòîâîãî òîðöà.                 

                                                                         

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                      

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                         

    Â çàâèñèìîñòè îò  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè  è  õàðàêòåðà  äåôåêòà   êðåñòîâèíû│

│ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè (ÎÄ),  äåôåêòíûìè (Ä) èëè òðåáóþùèìè óñèëåííîãî

│íàáëþäåíèÿ  (ÓÍ).  Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå êðåñòîâèíû ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå.│

│Ïðè   íåâîçìîæíîñòè   çàìåíû   êðåñòîâèíû   ïî    ñòðåëî÷íîìó    ïåðåâîäó│

│îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ  ñêîðîñòè  äâèæåíèÿ  ïîåçäîâ äî ñêîðîñòåé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ│

│êàòåãîðèè ïóòè, ïðè  êîòîðîé   êðåñòîâèíà  íå  ñ÷èòàåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíîé.│

│Äåôåêòíûå  êðåñòîâèíû  ïîäëåæàò  íàïëàâêå,   à   ïðè   åå   íåâîçìîæíîñòè│

│ïðîäîëæàþò   ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ   äî   ïëàíîâîé   çàìåíû   ïîä   óñèëåííûì

│íàáëþäåíèåì.      îñòàëüíûõ   ñëó÷àÿõ   çà  êðåñòîâèíàìè óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ│

│óñèëåííîå íàáëþäåíèå, è îíè ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ  áåç  âûïîëíåíèÿ│

│äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò                                                    

├────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

│âûêðàøèâàíèÿ ïðè│   1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

│ äëèíå áîëåå 30 │                                                 

     ìì, ìì                                                      

├────────────────┼───────┴───────┼───────┴───────┴───────┼───────┴────────┤

│Îò 3 äî 4       │ÎÄ             │Ä                      │ÓÍ             

├────────────────┤               └───────────────┐       └───────┐       

│Îò 4,1 äî 6                                                          

├────────────────┤                               └───────┐       └────────┤

│Îò 8,1 äî 10                                                          

├────────────────┤                                       └────────────────┤

│Áîëåå 10                                                               

└────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê      Âûêðàøèâàíèå ðåëüñîâîé èëè ëèòîé ÷àñòè   │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ óñîâèêà ïî ëèíèè âðåçêè èç-çà íåäîñòàòêîâ  │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                             êîíñòðóêöèè                   âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÓ.12.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

     ïðîöåññå  ýêñïëóàòàöèè  ìåòàëë  ëèòîé  ÷àñòè  óñîâèêà  ñïëûâàåò  íà

│ðåëüñîâóþ è íàîáîðîò ñ ðåëüñîâîé ÷àñòè íà ëèòóþ. Ïðè âçàèìíîì ïåðåìåùåíèè│

│ýòèõ ÷àñòåé ïîä  âîçäåéñòâèåì  êîëåñ  ïîäâèæíîãî ñîñòàâà ïðîèñõîäèò îòðûâ│

│ñïëûâøåãî ìåòàëëà ñ îáðàçîâàíèåì âûêðàøèâàíèé.                          

                                                                         

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                      

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                         

    Â çàâèñèìîñòè  îò  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè  è  õàðàêòåðà  äåôåêòà  êðåñòîâèíû│

│ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè (ÎÄ), äåôåêòíûìè (Ä)  èëè òðåáóþùèìè óñèëåííîãî

│íàáëþäåíèÿ (ÓÍ). Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå êðåñòîâèíû ïîäëåæàò  íåìåäëåííîé  çàìåíå.│

│Ïðè    íåâîçìîæíîñòè   çàìåíû   êðåñòîâèíû   ïî   ñòðåëî÷íîìó    ïåðåâîäó│

│îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ  ñêîðîñòè  äâèæåíèÿ  ïîåçäîâ äî ñêîðîñòåé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ│

│êàòåãîðèè ïóòè, ïðè êîòîðîé  êðåñòîâèíà  íå  ñ÷èòàåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíîé. Çà│

│äåôåêòíîé   êðåñòîâèíîé  óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ  óñèëåííîå   íàáëþäåíèå,  è  îíà│

│ïðîäîëæàåò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ äî ïëàíîâîé  çàìåíû.  îñòàëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ  çà

│êðåñòîâèíàìè  óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ  óñèëåííîå  íàáëþäåíèå,  è  îíè  ïðîäîëæàþò│

│ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ áåç âûïîëíåíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò                   

├────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

│âûêðàøèâàíèÿ, ìì│   1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

├────────────────┼───────┴───────┴───────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴────────┤

│Îò 2 äî 3       │Ä                      │ÓÍ                             

├────────────────┤                       └───────┐                        

│Îò 3,1 äî 5                                                           

├────────────────┼───────┐                       └───────────────┐       

│Áîëåå 5         │ÎÄ                                                   

└────────────────┴───────┴───────────────────────────────────────┴────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │Âûêðàøèâàíèÿ íà áîêîâîé âûêðóæêå ñåðäå÷íèêà │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│        è ëèòîé ÷àñòè óñîâèêîâ èç-çà        │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                  íåñâîåâðåìåííîãî óäàëåíèÿ íàïëûâîâ       âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÓÑ.13.2  

                                                            ÄÓ.13.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèÿ íå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì êîëåñ  ïîäâèæíîãî  ñîñòàâà ìåòàëë ñåðäå÷íèêà è ëèòîé│

│÷àñòè óñîâèêîâ ñïëûâàåò  â  æåëîá. Ïðè íåñâîåâðåìåííîì óäàëåíèè ñïëûâøåãî

│ìåòàëëà îí îòðûâàåòñÿ ïîä âîçäåéñòâèåì êîëåñ ñ îáðàçîâàíèåì âûêðàøèâàíèé.│

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                        

    Â çàâèñèìîñòè  îò  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè  è  õàðàêòåðà  äåôåêòà  êðåñòîâèíû│

│ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè (ÎÄ),  äåôåêòíûìè (Ä) èëè òðåáóþùèìè óñèëåííîãî

│íàáëþäåíèÿ  (ÓÍ).  Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå êðåñòîâèíû ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå.│

│Ïðè    íåâîçìîæíîñòè    çàìåíû   êðåñòîâèíû   ïî   ñòðåëî÷íîìó   ïåðåâîäó│

│îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ  ñêîðîñòè  äâèæåíèÿ  ïîåçäîâ äî ñêîðîñòåé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ│

│êàòåãîðèè ïóòè,  ïðè êîòîðîé   êðåñòîâèíà  íå  ñ÷èòàåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíîé.│

│Äåôåêòíûå êðåñòîâèíû ïîäëåæàò íàïëàâêå, à ïðè åå íåâîçìîæíîñòè ïðîäîëæàþò│

│ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ äî  ïëàíîâîé   çàìåíû   ïîä  óñèëåííûì  íàáëþäåíèåì.  Â│

│îñòàëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ çà êðåñòîâèíàìè óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ óñèëåííîå íàáëþäåíèå, è│

│îíè ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ áåç âûïîëíåíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò    

├────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                     

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

│âûêðàøèâàíèÿ ïðè│   1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

│ äëèíå áîëåå 50 │                                                 

     ìì, ìì                                                      

├────────────────┼───────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┼───────┴────────┤

│Îò 3 äî 4       │ÎÄ     │Ä                              │ÓÍ             

├────────────────┤       └───────┐                       └───────┐       

│Îò 4,1 äî 6                                                          

├────────────────┤               └───────┐                              

│Îò 6,1 äî 8                                                           

└────────────────┴───────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê     Îòñëîåíèå è âûêðàøèâàíèå íà ïîâåðõíîñòè   │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ êàòàíèÿ ëèòîé ÷àñòè óñîâèêà è ñåðäå÷íèêà â │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                 çîíå ïåðåêàòûâàíèÿ èç-çà ïîâûøåííîãî       â ñòûêå   

                   äèíàìè÷åñêîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ êîëåñ          ÄÑ.14.1   

                                                           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÑ.14.2   

                                                            ÄÓ.14.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                         

     çîíå ïåðåêàòûâàíèÿ êîëåñ ñ óñîâèêà íà ñåðäå÷íèê è â õâîñòîâîì êîíöå│

│êðåñòîâèíû  îáðàçóþòñÿ  êîðîòêèå  íåðîâíîñòè  çíà÷èòåëüíîé  ãëóáèíû.  Ïðè│

ïðîõîäå êîëåñ ÷åðåç ýòè  íåðîâíîñòè  âîçíèêàþò óäàðíûå äèíàìè÷åñêèå ñèëû,│

│êîòîðûå ïðèâîäÿò ê ïåðåíàêëåïó âûñîêîìàðãàíöîâèñòîé ñòàëè,  îòñëîåíèÿì  è│

│âûêðàøèâàíèþ  ìåòàëëà.  Ýòîìó  òàêæå  ñïîñîáñòâóþò  çàâîäñêèå  äåôåêòû  â

│îòëèâêå.                                                                

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                      

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                         

    Â çàâèñèìîñòè  îò  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè  è  õàðàêòåðà  äåôåêòà  êðåñòîâèíû│

│ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè (ÎÄ), äåôåêòíûìè (Ä)  èëè òðåáóþùèìè óñèëåííîãî

│íàáëþäåíèÿ  (ÓÍ).  Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå êðåñòîâèíû ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå.│

│Ïðè    íåâîçìîæíîñòè    çàìåíû   êðåñòîâèíû   ïî   ñòðåëî÷íîìó   ïåðåâîäó│

│îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ  ñêîðîñòè  äâèæåíèÿ  ïîåçäîâ äî ñêîðîñòåé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ│

│êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè,  ïðè  êîòîðîé  êðåñòîâèíà íå  ñ÷èòàåòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíîé.│

│Äåôåêòíûå êðåñòîâèíû ïîäëåæàò íàïëàâêå, à ïðè åå íåâîçìîæíîñòè ïðîäîëæàþò│

│ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ  äî  ïëàíîâîé  çàìåíû  ïîä  óñèëåííûì  íàáëþäåíèåì.   Â│

│îñòàëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ çà êðåñòîâèíàìè óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ óñèëåííîå íàáëþäåíèå, è│

│îíè ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ áåç âûïîëíåíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò    

├────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

  âûêðàøèâàíèÿ     1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

│ áîëåå 3 ìì íà                                                   

   äëèíå, ìì                                                     

├────────────────┼───────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┼───────┴────────┤

│Áîëåå 100       │ÎÄ     │Ä                              │ÓÍ             

├────────────────┤       └───────┐                       └───────┐       

│Áîëåå 200                                                             

├────────────────┤               └───────┐                       └────────┤

│Áîëåå 300                                                             

├────────────────┤                       └───────────────┐               

│Áîëåå 400                                                             

├────────────────┤                                       └────────────────┤

│Áîëåå 500                                                              

└────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê        Âûêðàøèâàíèå íàïëàâëåííîãî ñëîÿ íà     │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàíèÿ ëèòîé ÷àñòè óñîâèêà è  │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                              ñåðäå÷íèêà                    â ñòûêå   

                                                            ÄÑ.18.1   

                                                           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÑ.18.2   

                                                            ÄÓ.18.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                        

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Èç-çà íàðóøåíèÿ òåõíîëîãèè  íàïëàâêè  (íåêà÷åñòâåííàÿ  øëèôîâêà ïåðåä│

│íàïëàâêîé,  íàðóøåíèå  ðåæèìîâ  íàïëàâêè  è  ò.ï.),  à  òàêæå  äåôåêòîâ â

îñíîâíîì  ìåòàëëå  îòëèâêè  ïðîèñõîäèò  âûêðàøèâàíèå  íàïëàâëåííîãî  ñëîÿ│

│ìåòàëëà íà ñåðäå÷íèêå èëè óñîâèêå.                                       

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                         

    Âûêðîøåííîå ìåñòî øëèôóåòñÿ  è  ïîâòîðíî  íàïëàâëÿåòñÿ.  Äî  íàïëàâêè│

│êðåñòîâèíà   ýêñïëóàòèðóåòñÿ   ïî   òåì   æå   ïðàâèëàì,  êàê  è â ñëó÷àå│

│âîçíèêíîâåíèÿ   äåôåêòîâ   ÄÑ.14  è  ÄÓ.14.  Ïðè  ïîâòîðíîì  âûêðàøèâàíèè│

│ãëóáèíîé áîëåå 3 ìì êðåñòîâèíà ïîäëåæèò çàìåíå â ïëàíîâîì ïîðÿäêå       

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê     Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû ëèòîé ÷àñòè óñîâèêà è  │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│     ñåðäå÷íèêà èç-çà äåôåêòîâ îòëèâêè      │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                                                           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÑ.20.2   

                                                            ÄÓ.20.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                        

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Ëèòåéíûå   òðåùèíû,   à   òàêæå   òðåùèíû   îò   ïðàâêè îòëèâêè ïåðåä

│ìåõàíè÷åñêîé îáðàáîòêîé,  â òîì ÷èñëå ïîñëå óïðî÷íåíèÿ, ïîä  âîçäåéñòâèåì│

│ïîåçäíîé íàãðóçêè ðàçâèâàþòñÿ è âûõîäÿò íà ðàáî÷óþ ïîâåðõíîñòü.         

                                                                         

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                      

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                        

    Êðåñòîâèíû ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå êàê îñòðîäåôåêòíûå           

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê      Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû è èçëîìû ðåëüñîâîãî   │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│óñîâèêà â çîíå ïåðåäíåãî êîíöà âðåçêè èç-çà │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                      íåäîñòàòêîâ åå êîíñòðóêöèè           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                             âðåçêè   

                                                            ÄÓ.22.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

     ìåñòàõ   âûêðàøèâàíèé   ðåëüñîâîé   ÷àñòè   óñîâèêà   ïî  âðåçêå  â

│ýêñïëóàòàöèîííûõ óñëîâèÿõ îáðàçóþòñÿ  êîíöåíòðàòîðû  íàïðÿæåíèé.  Îò ýòèõ│

│êîíöåíòðàòîðîâ   ïîä   âîçäåéñòâèåì  ïîåçäíîé   íàãðóçêè   îáðàçóþòñÿ   è│

│ðàçâèâàþòñÿ ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû ðåëüñîâîé ÷àñòè óñîâèêà.                 

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð è ïðîâåðêà äåôåêòîñêîïàìè.                           

                                                                        

                    ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÎÑÒÐßÊΠ                  

                                                                         

    Êðåñòîâèíû ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå êàê îñòðîäåôåêòíûå           

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê     Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû ëèòîé ÷àñòè óñîâèêà è  │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│         ñåðäå÷íèêà â çîíå íàïëàâêè         │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                                                           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÑ.28.2   

                                                            ÄÓ.28.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèÿ íå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ.                        

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Èç-çà íàðóøåíèÿ òåõíîëîãèè  íàïëàâêè  è  äåôåêòîâ  îòëèâêè íà ðàáî÷åé│

│ïîâåðõíîñòè ñåðäå÷íèêîâ è  óñîâèêîâ  âîçíèêàþò  ïîïåðå÷íûå  è  ïðîäîëüíûå│

│òðåùèíû.                                                                

                                                                         

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                      

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                        

    Ïðè ãëóáèíå òðåùèí  íå  áîëåå  6 ìì, åñëè îíè íå ïåðåõîäÿò â îñíîâíîé│

│ìåòàëë, ýòè òðåùèíû  âûøëèôîâûâàþòñÿ,  à  âûøëèôîâàííûé  ó÷àñòîê ïîâòîðíî│

│íàïëàâëÿåòñÿ. Äî íàïëàâêè  ñêîðîñòü  äâèæåíèÿ  ïî ñòðåëî÷íîìó ïåðåâîäó íå│

│äîëæíà  ïðåâûøàòü  25  êì/÷.  Ïðè  áîëüøèõ  ðàçìåðàõ  òðåùèí   êðåñòîâèíà│

│ñ÷èòàåòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíîé è ïîäëåæèò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå                  

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê     Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû è èçëîìû õâîñòîâèêîâ   │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│    ñåðäå÷íèêîâ è öåëüíîëèòûõ êðåñòîâèí     │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                                                            â ñòûêå   

                                                            ÄÑ.29.1   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

     çîíå ïåðåõîäà  îò õâîñòîâèêà ê ñàìîìó ñåðäå÷íèêó èëè íà öåëüíîëèòîé│

│êðåñòîâèíå  â  ïðîöåññå  èçãîòîâëåíèÿ îòëèâîê è èõ ìåõàíè÷åñêîé îáðàáîòêè│

│âîçíèêàþò   êîíöåíòðàòîðû  íàïðÿæåíèé, êîòîðûå îáóñëîâëåíû  òàêæå  ðåçêèì

│ïåðåïàäîì æåñòêîñòè â  ýòîé  çîíå.   ýêñïëóàòàöèè â çîíå ñòûêà âîçíèêàþò│

│óäàðíûå  äèíàìè÷åñêèå  ñèëû.    ìåñòàõ  êîíöåíòðàöèè  íàïðÿæåíèé  â ýòèõ│

óñëîâèÿõ    âîçíèêàþò   è   ðàçâèâàþòñÿ   òðåùèíû,   ÷åìó    ñïîñîáñòâóåò│

│íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîå ñîäåðæàíèå ñòûêîâ.                                 

                                                                         

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                         

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                        

    Çà êðåñòîâèíàìè   óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ  óñèëåííîå  íàáëþäåíèå.  Êðåñòîâèíû│

│ñ÷èòàþòñÿ äåôåêòíûìè è  ïîäëåæàò ïëàíîâîé çàìåíå. Ïðè ïåðåõîäå òðåùèíû íà

│òåëî öåëüíîëèòîé   êðåñòîâèíû   èëè   ñåðäå÷íèêà   êðåñòîâèíû   ñ÷èòàþòñÿ│

│îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è äîëæíû çàìåíÿòüñÿ íåìåäëåííî                           

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┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê      Ãîðèçîíòàëüíîå ðàññëîåíèå ëèòîé ÷àñòè    │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ óñîâèêà è ñåðäå÷íèêà èç-çà íàëè÷èÿ îêèñíûõ │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                       ïëåí è íåñïàåâ â ìåòàëëå            âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÑ.30Ã.2  

                                                            ÄÓ.30Ã.2  

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèÿ íå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Äåôåêòû çàðîæäàþòñÿ â  ïðîöåññå  èçãîòîâëåíèÿ  îòëèâîê  ñåðäå÷íèêîâ è│

│öåëüíîëèòûõ êðåñòîâèí èç-çà  íåäîñòàòêîâ  òåõíîëîãèè  ëèòüÿ,  ïðè êîòîðîé│

│âíóòðè èçäåëèÿ   âîçíèêàþò  íåñïàè  è  îêèñíûå  ïëåíû.  Ïîä  âîçäåéñòâèåì│

│ïîäâèæíîãî ñîñòàâà   ïî  ýòèì  íåñïëîøíîñòÿì  ðàçâèâàþòñÿ  ãîðèçîíòàëüíûå

│ðàññëîåíèÿ ñåðäå÷íèêîâ è óñîâèêîâ.                                       

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                         

    Êðåñòîâèíû ñ ðàññëîåíèÿìè,  âûõîäÿùèìè íà îñòðèå èëè õâîñòîâîé  òîðåö│

│ñåðäå÷íèêà ëèáî íà ïåðåäíèé òîðåö óñîâèêîâ, à òàêæå ñ ðàññëîåíèÿìè äëèíîé│

│áîëåå 50 ìì, êîòîðûå íå âûõîäÿò íà ýòè ó÷àñòêè, ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè│

│è  ïîäëåæàò  íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå. Êðåñòîâèíû ñ ðàññëîåíèåì äëèíîé ìåíåå 50│

ìì,  íå  âûõîäÿùèì íà óêàçàííûå âûøå ìåñòà, ñ÷èòàþòñÿ äåôåêòíûìè è  ìîãóò│

│âðåìåííî  îñòàâàòüñÿ  â  ïóòè  ïðè  óñèëåííîì  íàáëþäåíèè çà èõ ðàáîòîé ñ

│ïîñëåäóþùåé çàìåíîé                                                     

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   Ðèñóíîê   │Ñåäëîâèíû íà óñîâèêå â çîíå ïåðåäíåé âðåçêè │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│     è íà ñåðäå÷íèêå â óçêîé åãî ÷àñòè      │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                                                           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÑ.42.2   

                                                            ÄÓ.42.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Äåôåêòû ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ è  ðàçâèâàþòñÿ  èç-çà  êîíñòðóêòèâíûõ îñîáåííîñòåé│

│êðåñòîâèí.  çîíå  ïåðåêàòûâàíèÿ,  à  òàêæå  â  ñòûêàõ  êðåñòîâèíû  è  åå│

│ïåðåäíåé âðåçêå âîçíèêàþò  óäàðíî-äèíàìè÷åñêèå ñèëû, êîòîðûå  ïðèâîäÿò  ê

│îáðàçîâàíèþ   êîðîòêèõ   ñåäëîîáðàçíûõ  íåðîâíîñòåé.  Ýòîìó  ñïîñîáñòâóåò│

│íåêà÷åñòâåííàÿ   îáðàáîòêà   ðàáî÷èõ   ïîâåðõíîñòåé   êðåñòîâèíû  ïðè  åå│

èçãîòîâëåíèè.                                                           

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð è îáìåðû êðåñòîâèí.                                  

                                                                         

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                        

    Â çàâèñèìîñòè  îò  êàòåãîðèè  ïóòè  è  õàðàêòåðà  äåôåêòà  êðåñòîâèíû│

│ñ÷èòàþòñÿ äåôåêòíûìè (Ä)  èëè  òðåáóþùèìè  óñèëåííîãî íàáëþäåíèÿ (ÓÍ). Íà│

│äåôåêòíûõ êðåñòîâèíàõ ñåäëîâèíû  óñòðàíÿþòñÿ  øëèôîâàíèåì  èëè íàïëàâêîé,│

│ïîñëå ÷åãî îíè  ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ. Ïðè íåâîçìîæíîñòè ïîëíîñòüþ│

│óñòðàíèòü íåðîâíîñòü äåôåêòíûå  êðåñòîâèíû  ïîäëåæàò  ïëàíîâîé  çàìåíå. Â│

│îñòàëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ çà êðåñòîâèíàìè óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ óñèëåííîå íàáëþäåíèå, è│

│îíè ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ áåç âûïîëíåíèÿ äîïîëíèòåëüíûõ ðàáîò    

├────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

│ ñåäëîâèíû, ìì     1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

├────────────────┼───────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴───────┴────────┤

│Îò 2 äî 3       │Ä      │ÓÍ                                             

├────────────────┤       └───────┐                                       

│Îò 3,1 äî 5                                                            

├────────────────┤               └───────────────┐                       

│Áîëåå 5                                                               

└────────────────┴───────────────────────────────┴────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │ Òðåùèíû â øåéêå õâîñòîâîé ÷àñòè ñåðäå÷íèêà │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│      èç-çà íàëè÷èÿ ëèòåéíûõ äåôåêòîâ       │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                                                            â ñòûêå   

                                                            ÄÑ.50.1   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                        

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Äåôåêò  ðàçâèâàåòñÿ  îò  íàõîäÿùèõñÿ  â  õâîñòîâîé  ÷àñòè  ñåðäå÷íèêà│

│äåôåêòîâ  ëèòüÿ  (ïîð,  ðàêîâèí,  íåìåòàëëè÷åñêèõ  âêëþ÷åíèé).   Ðàçâèòèþ│

│äåôåêòà ñïîñîáñòâóþò óäàðíûå âîçäåéñòâèÿ êîëåñ ïîäâèæíîãî  ñîñòàâà íà ýòó│

│÷àñòü êðåñòîâèíû, ãäå èìååòñÿ ðåçêèé ïåðåïàä æåñòêîñòè  è  â ýêñïëóàòàöèè│

│âîçíèêàþò ñìÿòèå ìåòàëëà, çàçîðû è ñòóïåíüêè.                           

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                      

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                        

    Êðåñòîâèíû   ñ  òðåùèíàìè  ñ÷èòàþòñÿ   îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè   è   ïîäëåæàò│

│íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå                                                       

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   Ðèñóíîê   │ Òðåùèíû â ïîäîøâå èç-çà íàëè÷èÿ äåôåêòîâ â │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ ëèòüå, à òàêæå çàóñåíöåâ è ñòóïåíåê ïîñëå  │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

             │ ôðåçåðîâàíèÿ âåðõà ïîäîøâû õâîñòîâîé ÷àñòè │   â ñòûêå   

                              ñåðäå÷íèêà                    ÄÑ.60.1   

                                                           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÑ.60.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                        

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Èç-çà íåäîñòàòêîâ òåõíîëîãèè  èçãîòîâëåíèÿ  îòëèâêè  â íèæíèõ êðîìêàõ│

│ñóæåííîé õâîñòîâîé ÷àñòè îáðàçóþòñÿ ëèòåéíûå òðåùèíû, êîòîðûå ðàçâèâàþòñÿ│

│ïîä äåéñòâèåì ïîåçäíîé  íàãðóçêè.  Òðåùèíû ìîãóò ïîÿâëÿòüñÿ è ðàçâèâàòüñÿ│

│òàêæå  èç-çà  íàëè÷èÿ  êîíöåíòðàòîðîâ  íàïðÿæåíèé  â  âèäå  çàóñåíöåâ   è│

│ñòóïåíåê,  êîòîðûå  îñòàþòñÿ  ïîñëå  ôðåçåðîâàíèÿ  ïàçóõ  ñåðäå÷íèêà  ïîä

│íàêëàäêè.  Ðàçâèòèþ  òðåùèí ñïîñîáñòâóåò íåóäîâëåòâîðèòåëüíîå  ñîäåðæàíèå│

│ñòûêà.                                                                   

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                         

    Êðåñòîâèíû   ñ   òðåùèíàìè  ñ÷èòàþòñÿ  îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè   è   ïîäëåæàò│

│íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå                                                      

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   Ðèñóíîê   │Âûêîëû â ïîäîøâå õâîñòîâîé ÷àñòè ñåðäå÷íèêà │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│                                            │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                                                            â ñòûêå   

                                                            ÄÑ.63.1   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Âûêîëû  îáðàçóþòñÿ  èç-çà   íåïëîòíîãî   ïðèëåãàíèÿ   ïîäîøâû  ëèòîãî│

│ñåðäå÷íèêà  ê  ïîäêëàäêàì  è  ìîñòèêàì.  Íà  îáðàçîâàíèå  è ðàçâèòèå ýòèõ│

│âûêîëîâ âëèÿþò äåôåêòû â ëèòüå è ïîâûøåííûé  óðîâåíü ñèëîâîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ│

│íà õâîñòîâóþ ÷àñòü ñåðäå÷íèêà.                                          

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                   ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÐÅÑÒÎÂÈÍ                   

                                                                         

    Ïðè íàëè÷èè òðåùèí  â  çîíå  âûêîëà,  à  òàêæå  ïðè íàðóøåíèè óñëîâèé│

│ïðèêðåïëåíèÿ ïîäîøâû ê  ïîäêëàäêå  êðåñòîâèíû ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è│

│ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå.    îñòàëüíûõ  ñëó÷àÿõ  êðåñòîâèíû ñ÷èòàþòñÿ│

äåôåêòíûìè è ìîãóò  ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ  äî  ïëàíîâîé  çàìåíû  ïðè  óñëîâèè│

│óñèëåííîãî íàáëþäåíèÿ çà íèìè                                           

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê      Ñìÿòèå ãîëîâêè ðåëüñà â âèäå ñåäëîâèíû   │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│ïðîòèâ çîíû ïåðåêàòûâàíèÿ êîëåñ ñ óñîâèêà íà│ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                         ñåðäå÷íèê è îáðàòíî               âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÕ.44.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                         

    Äåôåêòû ïîÿâëÿþòñÿ   èç-çà   ïîïåðå÷íûõ   ïåðåìåùåíèé  êîëåñ  â  çîíå│

│êðåñòîâèííîãî óçëà, à  òàêæå  "íàâåäåííûõ"  óäàðîâ  ïî  õîäîâîìó  ðåëüñó,│

│âûçâàííûõ ðåçêèì   âåðòèêàëüíûì   ïåðåìåùåíèåì  êîëåñ,  ïðîõîäÿùèõ  ÷åðåç

│íåðîâíîñòü íà êðåñòîâèíå.                                               

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                    ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÐÅËÜÑΠ                   

                                                                         

     çàâèñèìîñòè îò  êàòåãîðèè ïóòè è õàðàêòåðà äåôåêòà ðåëüñû ñ÷èòàþòñÿ│

│îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè (ÎÄ), äåôåêòíûìè (Ä) èëè òðåáóþùèìè óñèëåííîãî íàáëþäåíèÿ│

│(ÓÍ).   Îñòðîäåôåêòíûå   ðåëüñû   ïîäëåæàò   íåìåäëåííîé   çàìåíå.    Ïðè│

│íåâîçìîæíîñòè  çàìåíû  ðåëüñà  ïî  ñòðåëî÷íîìó   ïåðåâîäó  îãðàíè÷èâàþòñÿ│

│ñêîðîñòè äâèæåíèÿ  ïîåçäîâ  äî ñêîðîñòåé, ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèõ êàòåãîðèè ïóòè,│

ïðè  êîòîðîé  ðåëüñ  íå  ñ÷èòàåòñÿ   îñòðîäåôåêòíûì.   Äåôåêòíûå   ðåëüñû│

│ïðîäîëæàþò   ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ   äî   ïëàíîâîé   çàìåíû   ïîä   óñèëåííûì

│íàáëþäåíèåì.  îñòàëüíûõ ñëó÷àÿõ çà  ðåëüñàìè  óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ  óñèëåííîå

│íàáëþäåíèå, è îíè ïðîäîëæàþò ýêñïëóàòèðîâàòüñÿ                          

├────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤

    Õàðàêòåð                         Êàòåãîðèÿ ïóòè                    

│äåôåêòà: ãëóáèíà├───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬────────┤

  ñåäëîâèíû íà     1      2      3      4      5      6      7   

│ äëèíå 1 ì, ìì                                                   

├────────────────┼───────┴───────┴───────┼───────┴───────┴───────┴────────┤

│Îò 1,5 äî 2     │Ä                      │ÓÍ                              

├────────────────┼───────┐               └───────┐                       

│Îò 2,1 äî 3     │ÎÄ                                                   

├────────────────┤       └───────┐               └───────┐               

│Îò 3,1 äî 4                                                         

├────────────────┤               └───────┐               └───────┐       

│Îò 4,1 äî 6                                                          

├────────────────┤                       └───────────────┐       └────────┤

│Îò 6,1 äî 10                                                          

├────────────────┤                                       └────────────────┤

│Áîëåå 10                                                               

└────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │Âûêîë ãîëîâêè êîíòððåëüñà èç-çà ïîâûøåííîãî │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│         áîêîâîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ êîëåñ         │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                                                           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÊ.14.2   

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                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                         

    Äåôåêòû  âîçíèêàþò  âñëåäñòâèå  ïîâûøåííîãî   áîêîâîãî   âîçäåéñòâèÿ,│

êîòîðîå ñâÿçàíî ñ íàïðàâëÿþùèìè óñèëèÿìè, à òàêæå ñ ïðîõîäîì  êîëåñ ÷åðåç│

│êðåñòîâèííûé óçåë â ðàñïîð.                                              

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                         

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                        

                  ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÎÍÒÐÐÅËÜÑΠ                

                                                                         

    Êîíòððåëüñû ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå 

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │ Ïîïåðå÷íûå òðåùèíû â ãîëîâêå êîíòððåëüñà è │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│  èçëîìû èç-çà íèõ âñëåäñòâèå ïîâûøåííîãî   │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                      áîêîâîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ êîëåñ           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÊ.24.2   

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                       Èçîáðàæåíèÿ íå ïðèâîäÿòñÿ.                       

                                                                         

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                      

                                                                        

    Äåôåêòû  âîçíèêàþò  âñëåäñòâèå   ïîâûøåííîãî   áîêîâîãî  âîçäåéñòâèÿ,│

êîòîðîå  ñâÿçàíî  ñ  íàïðàâëÿþùèìè óñèëèÿìè, à òàêæå ïðîõîäîì êîëåñ ÷åðåç│

│êðåñòîâèííûé óçåë â ðàñïîð.                                             

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                         

                  ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÎÍÒÐÐÅËÜÑΠ                

                                                                        

    Êîíòððåëüñû ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå 

└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

 

┌─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┬──────────────┐

   Ðèñóíîê   │Òðåùèíû îò áîëòîâûõ îòâåðñòèé â êîíòððåëüñå │Ðàñïîëîæåíèå è│

│íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ│  è èçëîìû èç-çà íèõ âñëåäñòâèå óñèëåííîãî  │ îáîçíà÷åíèå: │

                      áîêîâîãî âîçäåéñòâèÿ êîëåñ           âíå ñòûêà  

                                                            ÄÊ.54.2   

├─────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┴──────────────┤

                       Èçîáðàæåíèå íå ïðèâîäèòñÿ.                       

                                                                        

                      ÏÐÈ×ÈÍÛ ÏÎßÂËÅÍÈß È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß                       

                                                                        

    Äåôåêòû  âîçíèêàþò   âñëåäñòâèå   ïîâûøåííîãî  áîêîâîãî  âîçäåéñòâèÿ,│

êîòîðîå ñâÿçàíî ñ íàïðàâëÿþùèìè óñèëèÿìè, à òàêæå ñ ïðîõîäîì êîëåñ  ÷åðåç│

│êðåñòîâèííûé  óçåë  â  ðàñïîð.  Íàäðûâû íà êðîìêàõ îòâåðñòèé,  îòñóòñòâèå│

│ôàñîê íà íèõ ñïîñîáñòâóþò îáðàçîâàíèþ òðåùèí.                           

                                                                        

                        ÑÏÎÑÎÁÛ ÂÛßÂËÅÍÈß ÄÅÔÅÊÒΠ                     

                                                                        

    Âíåøíèé îñìîòð.                                                     

                                                                         

                  ÓÊÀÇÀÍÈß ÏÎ ÝÊÑÏËÓÀÒÀÖÈÈ ÊÎÍÒÐÐÅËÜÑΠ                

                                                                        

    Êîíòððåëüñû ñ÷èòàþòñÿ îñòðîäåôåêòíûìè è ïîäëåæàò íåìåäëåííîé çàìåíå 

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Ìåãàáèáëèîòåêà ïî îõðàíå òðóäà è òåõíèêå áåçîïàñíîñòè. // Íåêîììåð÷åñêèé ïðîåêò äëÿ èíæåíåðîâ ïî îõðàíå òðóäà. //

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